The Neuropsychology of Visual Object and Space Perception

Humphreys, Glyn W.; Riddoch, M. Jane

doi:10.1002/9780470753477.ch7

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…However, this claim is controversial (Jarrold et al, 2007b). WM provides short-term maintenance of immediately pertinent information, and is thought to be subserved by limited capacity storage buffers that are specialized for different types of information (Baddeley, 1993), including distinct visual WM stores for spatial location and object identity (Carlesimo, Perri, Turriziani, Tomaiuolo, & Caltagirone, 2001; Riddoch, Humphreys, Blott, Hardy, & Smith, 2003; Humphreys & Riddoch, 2001; Wilson, Clare, Young, & Hodges, 1997). One possibility is that uneven WM performance reflects uneven perceptual processes rather than working memory per se, which may help account for the inconsistent evidence as perceptual demands differ across the studies.…”

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confidence: 99%

Working memory impairment in people with Williams syndrome: Effects of delay, task and stimuli

O’Hearn

Courtney

Street

et al. 2009

Brain and Cognition

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Williams syndrome (WS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with impaired visuospatial representations subserved by the dorsal stream and relatively strong object recognition abilities subserved by the ventral stream. There is conflicting evidence on whether this uneven pattern extends to working memory (WM) in WS. The present studies provide a new perspective, testing WM for a single stimulus using a delayed recognition paradigm in individuals with WS and typically developing children matched for mental age (MA matches). In three experiments, participants judged whether a second stimulus ‘matched’ an initial sample, either in location or identity. We first examined memory for faces, houses and locations using a 5 s delay (Experiment 1) and a 2 s delay (Experiment 2). We then tested memory for human faces, houses, cat faces, and shoes with a 2 s delay using a new set of stimuli that were better controlled for expression, hairline and orientation (Experiment 3). With the 5 s delay (Experiment 1), the WS group was impaired overall compared to MA matches. While participants with WS tended to perform more poorly than MA matches with the 2 s delay, they also exhibited an uneven profile compared to MA matches. Face recognition was relatively preserved in WS with friendly faces (Experiment 2) but not when the faces had a neutral expression and were less natural looking (Experiment 3). Experiment 3 indicated that memory for object identity was relatively stronger than memory for location in WS. These findings reveal an overall WM impairment in WS that can be overcome under some conditions. Abnormalities in the parietal lobe/dorsal stream in WS may damage not only the representation of spatial location but also may impact WM for visual stimuli more generally.

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confidence: 99%

Working memory impairment in people with Williams syndrome: Effects of delay, task and stimuli

O’Hearn

Courtney

Street

et al. 2009

Brain and Cognition

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“…Accordingly, each movement system is assumed to be``space giving'', that is to constitute its specific space. Evidence for the existence of multiple spaces is available from recent neuropsychological studies indicating that space is not coded in a unitary way and that the differentiation between specific spaces is according to action (Berti, Smania, & Allport, 2001;Humphreys & Heinke, 1998;Humphreys & Riddoch, 2001;Humphreys, Riddoch, Forti, & Ackroyd, 2004 this issue; see also Bremmer, Schlack, Duhamel, Graf, &Fink, 2001, andMatelli &Luppino, 2001, for corresponding conclusions from neurophysiological investigations with animals). The integration of the different movement-specific spaces results from the coordination between the respective movement systems.…”

Section: Multiple Spacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Position of code and code for position: From isomorphism to a sensorimotor account of space perception

Wolff

2004

Visual Cognition

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“…In addition, due to the continuous movements of objects and ourselves, our visual experience is dynamic rather than stationary (Freyd, 1987;Gibson, 1979;Pylyshyn & Storm, 1988). Despite the complexity of visual information, we can still perceive the world vividly (Brady, Konkle, Alvarez, & Oliva, 2008) and recognize visual environments without considerable effort (Humphreys & Riddoch, 2001). How can our visual system process complex information efficiently?…”

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Visual statistical learning of temporal structures at different hierarchical levels

Jun

Chong

2016

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Visual environments are complex. In order to process the complex information provided by visual environments, the visual system adopts strategies to reduce its complexity. One strategy, called visual statistical learning, or VSL, is to extract the statistical regularities from the environment. Another strategy is to use the hierarchical structure of a scene (e.g., the co-occurrence between local and global information). Through a series of experiments, this study investigated whether the utilization of the statistical regularities and the hierarchical structure could work together to reduce the complexity of a scene. In the familiarization phase, the participants were asked to passively view a stream of hierarchical scenes where the shapes were concurrently presented at the local and global levels. At each of the two levels there were temporal regularities among the three shapes, which always appeared in the same order. In the test phase, the participants judged the familiarity between 2 triplets, whose temporal regularities were either preserved or not. We found that the participants extracted the temporal regularities at each of the local and global levels (Experiment 1). The hierarchical structure influenced the ability to extract the temporal regularities (Experiment 2). Specifically, VSL was either enhanced or impaired depending on whether the hierarchical structure was informative or not. In summary, in order to process a complex scene, the visual system flexibly uses statistical regularities and the hierarchical structure of the scene.

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The Neuropsychology of Visual Object and Space Perception

Cited by 3 publications

References 126 publications

Working memory impairment in people with Williams syndrome: Effects of delay, task and stimuli

Working memory impairment in people with Williams syndrome: Effects of delay, task and stimuli

Position of code and code for position: From isomorphism to a sensorimotor account of space perception

Visual statistical learning of temporal structures at different hierarchical levels

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