The Neuroscience of Emotion

Adolphs, Ralph; Anderson, David J.

doi:10.2307/j.ctvc77b1j

Cited by 34 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…One persistent debate centers on the extent to which emotions are private experiences, which cannot be directly measured in others. This explains why many affective researchers advocate for a science of emotions separate from that of feelings-the latter referring to private states that cannot be known in others, and the former being manifested in behavior, physiology, and other measurable phenomena (Adolphs & Anderson, 2018;Allen & Bekoff, 1997;Damasio, 2004;de Waal, 2011;Prinz, 2005). Another common feature of contemporary debates about animal emotions is the extent to which animals even have the capacity for secondary (non-basic) emotions, compounded by a reluctance to impute human mental and emotional states to other species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jealous Behavior in Chimpanzees Elicited by Social Intruders

Webb

Kolff

et al. 2020

Affec Sci

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Despite increasing interest in animal emotions, jealousy has rarely been directly addressed in comparative research, except for studies of human-pet interactions. Jealous behavior emerges when a valuable social bond is threatened by a third-party, prompting aggression or intervention attempts to direct the partner's attention away from the rival. Emotional reactions that protect relationships are expected in species in which social relationships are important for fitness, including primates. Previous primate studies have alluded to this ultimate function, but never explicitly tested predictions corresponding to a proximate jealousy mechanism. We demonstrate jealous behavior in a long-established colony of chimpanzees (N = 17) during a socially disruptive period due to group introductions, which provided an ideal experimental opportunity to test predictions of a jealousy hypothesis. Specifically, we found that negative reactions (agonism and intervention attempts) towards social closeness between two groupmates were generally more common when the aggressor/intervener had a valuable relationship to one (as compared with both or neither) of the dyad's members, indicating that the other partner represented a potential social rival. In line with this suggestion, we found that negative reactions most often targeted dyads containing newly introduced individuals, especially when the social conditions for jealousy were met, and in particular during the socially unstable introduction period. Results underscore the potential adaptive role of jealousy in protecting fitness-enhancing relationships from social interlopers, by extension indicating that this emotion likely evolved in diverse animal societies. Keywords Jealous behavior. Animal emotions. Social relationships. Chimpanzees. Introductions The past several decades have witnessed an upsurge in the scientific study of nonhuman animal (hereafter, animal) emo

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jealous Behavior in Chimpanzees Elicited by Social Intruders

Webb

Kolff

et al. 2020

Affec Sci

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“…In any case Bowlby's proposition to classify attachment as an instinctive behavior runs into serious difficulties. The authors follow the view that an instinct has an innate nature and emerges without any training, learning or education processes (Maslow, 1954;Spink, 2010;Blumberg, 2017;Adolphs and Anderson, 2018). The occurrence of such an impulse in human beings has been discussed very controversially (e.g., Maslow, 1943Maslow, , 1954Birney and Teevan, 1961), but observations that human infants (and in part older individuals) respond fearfully to (pictures of) snakes (Headland and Greene, 2011;Hoehl et al, 2017;Denzer, 2018) represent at present the best indication of such operating instincts in humans.…”

Section: The Importance Of the Seeking Command System For The Mother-mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Nature of the Mother-Infant Tie and Its Interaction With Freudian Drives

Kirsch

Buchholz

2020

Front. Psychol.

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“…From an evolutionary perspective, basic emotion theory can be cataloged as functional as well: the proposal is that basic emotions emerged precisely because of their functional role in facing challenges and opportunities in our physical and social environments (Izard, 2007;Panksepp & Biven, 2012). Nonetheless, basic emotion and functional perspectives diverge in that for the former, evolution generated a precise set of emotion clusters (e.g., happiness, anger, fear, etc) that can be recognized by their signature physiological responses and facial expressions (P. Ekman & Keltner, 1997) , whereas for the latter, the physiological responses and face configuration are less stereotyped, which makes them significantly harder to identify (Adolphs & Anderson, 2018).…”

Section: The Functionalist Theory Of Emotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that stimulus and responses related to emotions can vary may lead some to think that there is no way to scientifically pinpoint specific emotions. Yet, according to this view, this is not necessarily the case, and significant effort has been made by researchers to identify the plethora of neurobiological and behavioral patterns associated with emotions (Adolphs & Anderson, 2018). For instance, it has been proposed that the amygdala is implicated in the recognition, expression, and experience of fear (Adolphs, 2013;J.…”

Section: The Functionalist Theory Of Emotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Conceptualization and Measurement of Emotion in Machine Learning: A Critical Appraisal and Recommendations from Psychology

Cáceres¹

2020

Preprint

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While psychologists, neuroscientists, and philosophers continue to debate about thenature of human emotions, machine learning researchers hurry to develop artificial systems capable of recognizing and synthesizing (i.e., artificially generating) emotions. Such efforts have been primarily motivated by the vast space of potential applications of emotion recognition and generation systems. Applications like personalized advertising, machine-assisted education, machine-assisted psychotherapy, employee assessment, elder care robots, machine-assisted mental health diagnosis, and emotion responsive gaming, are just a couple of examples. In this context, I aim to accomplish the following objectives: (1) to review the literature on emotion from a conceptual perspective, this is, how the concept of emotion has been understood and operationalized in the fields of psychology and machine learning; (2) to critically examine the machine learning literature regarding the conceptualization and measurement of emotion; (3) to identify areas of improvement and innovation in the conceptualization and measurement of emotion for basic and applied research, with special attention to the needs of machine learning researchers.

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The Neuroscience of Emotion

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Jealous Behavior in Chimpanzees Elicited by Social Intruders

Jealous Behavior in Chimpanzees Elicited by Social Intruders

On the Nature of the Mother-Infant Tie and Its Interaction With Freudian Drives

The Conceptualization and Measurement of Emotion in Machine Learning: A Critical Appraisal and Recommendations from Psychology

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