The Neuroscience of Mammalian Associative Learning

Fanselow, Michael S.; Poulos, Andrew M.

doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070213

Cited by 591 publications

(492 citation statements)

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“…As the amygdala and hippocampus are critical for contextual and cued fear conditioning (Fanselow and Poulos 2005), it is possible that amphetamine acted on one or both structures. An acute, low dose of amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg) has been shown to enhance synaptic transmission between the basolateral amygdala and nucleus accumbens, 30 min after the injection (Kessal et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the efficiency of contextual fear conditioning, it has become a leading model of declarative memory in rats and mice Anagnostaras et al 2000). The amygdala, and specifically the basolateral/lateral complex of the amygdala, is involved in encoding an aversive association with both the context and tone (Fanselow and Gale 2003;Fanselow and Poulos 2005). Amphetamine has been shown to alter amygdalar activity in a number of ways, including potentiating the synaptic transmission between the amygdala and nucleus accumbens (Kessal et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Memory and psychostimulants: modulation of Pavlovian fear conditioning by amphetamine in C57BL/6 mice

Wood

Anagnostaras

2008

Psychopharmacology

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Rationale and Objectives-With prescriptions of stimulants on the rise, it is important to examine the cognitive effects of low and moderate doses of stimulants, rather than only those typical of addicts.Methods-The present study examined the effects a range of doses (0.005 -8 mg/kg) of damphetamine sulfate on cued and contextual Pavlovian fear conditioning in mice.Results-In agreement with previous research, subjects administered a moderately high dose of amphetamine (8 mg/kg) pre-training, typical of what addicts might take, displayed impaired memory when tested, off-drug. Alternately, subjects injected with a very low dose of amphetamine (0.005, 0.025, or 0.05 mg/kg), pre-training, similar to the therapeutic doses for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, displayed enhanced memory when tested, off-drug. A control study showed these effects were not due to state-dependent learning.Conclusions-Thus, dose is a critical determinant of the cognitive effects of psychostimulants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory and psychostimulants: modulation of Pavlovian fear conditioning by amphetamine in C57BL/6 mice

Wood

Anagnostaras

2008

Psychopharmacology

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“…The hippocampus is considered by many as a neuroanatomical structure necessary for stimulus competition in mammals (Anagnostaras et al, 2001;Fanselow & Poulos, 2004;Winocur, Rawlins, & Gray, 1987). Expression of conditioning to context when the CS is the best predictor of US occurrence --as shown by these infants--, may be seen as an instance of lack of stimulus competition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…contextual fear conditioning; fear extinction; learning; olfactory context; hippocampus; ontogeny Contextual fear conditioning has received a lot of attention from behavioral neuroscientists during the last decade (e.g., Anagnostaras, Gale, & Fanselow, 2001;Fanselow & Poulos, 2004;Phillips & LeDoux, 1992). The purpose of this report is to assess the effectiveness of contextual fear conditioning experiments by rats at each of three disparate periods of ontogeny: late infancy, adolescence and early adulthood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextual fear conditioning differs for infant, adolescent, and adult rats

Esmoris-Arranz¹,

Méndez²,

Spear³

2008

Behavioural Processes

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Contextual fear conditioning was tested in infant, adolescent, and adult rats in terms of Pavlovian conditioned suppression. When a discrete auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) was paired with footshock (unconditioned stimulus, US) within the largely olfactory context, infants and adolescents conditioned to the context with substantial effectiveness but adult rats did not. When unpaired presentations of the CS and US occurred within the context, contextual fear conditioning was strong for adults, weak for infants, but about as strong for adolescents as when pairings of CS and US occurred in the context. Nonreinforced presentations of either the CS or context markedly reduced contextual fear conditioning in infants, but, in adolescents, CS extinction had no effect on contextual fear conditioning, although context extinction significantly reduced it. Neither CS extinction nor context extinction affected responding to the CS-context compound in infants, suggesting striking discrimination between the compound and its components. Female adolescents showed the same lack of effect of component extinction on response to the compound as infants, but CS extinction reduced responding to the compound in adolescent males, a sex difference seen also in adults. Theoretical implications are discussed for the development of perceptual-cognitive processing and hippocampus role. Keywordscontextual fear conditioning; fear extinction; learning; olfactory context; hippocampus; ontogeny Contextual fear conditioning has received a lot of attention from behavioral neuroscientists during the last decade (e.g., Anagnostaras, Gale, & Fanselow, 2001;Fanselow & Poulos, 2004;Phillips & LeDoux, 1992). The purpose of this report is to assess the effectiveness of contextual fear conditioning experiments by rats at each of three disparate periods of ontogeny: late infancy, adolescence and early adulthood. The ontogeny of contextual fear conditioning is of interest because --in relation to conditioning of other events within the context--it can Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. provide a window to the ontogeny of encoding and memory organization (e.g., Brasser & Spear, 2004;Lariviere, Chen, & Spear, 1990), and because it has been used as a marker for the development of brain function important for memory (e.g., Pugh & Rudy, 1996;Rudy & Morledge, 1994). NIH Public AccessSeveral experiments led to the conclusion that acquisition of an aversion to a particular context paired with footshock is less effective in rats during late infancy (postnatal days 17-20, P17-20) than in weaned juvenile ...

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“…However, our data suggest this is likely not the case. Specifically, pre-testing inactivation of VH had no effect on the expression of delay fear conditioning, which has been shown to depend critically on integrity of the amygdala (Fanselow, 2005;LeDoux, 1995).…”

Section: Histologymentioning

confidence: 93%

Time course of dorsal and ventral hippocampal involvement in the expression of trace fear conditioning

Cox

Czerniawski

Ree

et al. 2013

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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It is becoming increasingly clear that the time-dependent involvement of the hippocampus in the recall of acquired behaviors is more complicated than once thought.Several early studies demonstrated that hippocampal damage attenuates the expression of recent, but not remotely trained tasks. By contrast, an emerging body of evidence has shown that damage to, or inactivation of, the hippocampus impairs recall across a wide range of training-testing intervals. Collectively, these data suggest that the time course of hippocampal involvement in the storage or recall of previouslyacquired memories differs according to hippocampal subregion and the particular learning task under consideration. The present study examined the contributions of dorsal (DH) and ventral (VH) hippocampus to the expression of previously-acquired trace fear conditioning, a form of Pavlovian conditioning in which the presentation of an initially neutral cue or cues and a subsequent aversive stimulus is separated by a nostimulus (trace) interval. Specifically, either the GABA-A agonist muscimol or saline was ii infused into the DH or VH prior to testing 1, 7, 28, or 42 days after trace fear conditioning. The results revealed a marked dissociation: pre-testing inactivation of DH failed to impair performance at any time-point, while pre-testing inactivation of VH impaired performance at all time-points. Importantly, pre-testing inactivation of VH had no effect on the performance during testing of previously-acquired delay conditioning.Collectively, these data suggest that VH, but not DH, remains a neuroanatomical locus critical to the recall or expression of trace fear conditioning over an extended period of time.

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The Neuroscience of Mammalian Associative Learning

Cited by 591 publications

References 201 publications

Memory and psychostimulants: modulation of Pavlovian fear conditioning by amphetamine in C57BL/6 mice

Memory and psychostimulants: modulation of Pavlovian fear conditioning by amphetamine in C57BL/6 mice

Contextual fear conditioning differs for infant, adolescent, and adult rats

Time course of dorsal and ventral hippocampal involvement in the expression of trace fear conditioning

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