The neuroscience of remote memory

Squire, Larry R.; Bayley, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/j.conb.2007.02.006

Cited by 272 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…According to the standard consolidation model (SCM), the hippocampus has a time-limited role in the storage and retrieval of AMs, whereby memories become independent from the hippocampus and dependent upon neocortical areas following consolidation (Alvarez & Squire, 1994). This idea is consistent with evidence from patients with focal lesions in the MTL who demonstrate AM loss that is temporally graded in the favor of remote AMs (for a review see Squire & Bayley, 2007). For example, Bayley, Hopkins and Squire (2003) asked patients with MTL damage and healthy controls to recall remote AMs (i.e., decades old) and coded these memories with respect to the number of details.…”

Section: Remote Autobiographical Memoriessupporting

confidence: 65%

Functional neuroimaging of autobiographical memory

Jacques¹

2012

Understanding Autobiographical Memory

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Autobiographical memory (AM) refers to memory for events from our own personal past. Functional neuroimaging studies of AM are important because they can investigate the neural correlates of processes that are difficult to study using laboratory stimuli, including: complex constructive processes, subjective qualities of memory retrieval, and remote memory. Three functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies are presented to examine these important contributions of AM. The first study investigates the neural correlates of temporal-order memory for autobiographical events using a novel photo paradigm. Participants took photographs at many campus locations over a period of several hours, and the following day they were scanned while making temporal-order judgments to pairs of photographs from different locations. It was found that temporal-order decisions associated with recollection recruited left prefrontal (PFC) and left posterior parahippocampal cortex, whereas temporal-order decisions relying on familiarity recruited greater activity in the right PFC.The second study examines self-projection, the capacity to re-experience the personal past and to mentally infer another person's perspective. A novel camera technology was used to examine self-projection by prospectively generating dynamic visuospatial images taken from a first-person perspective. Participants were literally asked to self-project into the personal past or into the life of another person. Selfv projection of one's own past self recruited greater ventral medial PFC (mPFC), and selfprojection of another individual recruited dorsal mPFC. Activity in ventral vs. dorsal mPFC was also sensitive to the ability to relive or understand the perspective taken on each trial. Further, task-related functional connectivity analysis revealed that ventral mPFC contributed to the medial temporal lobe network linked to memory processes, whereas dorsal mPFC contributed to the frontoparietal network linked to controlled processes.The third study focuses on the neural correlates underlying age-related differences in the recall of episodically rich AMs. Age-related attenuation in the episodic richness of AM was linked to reductions in activity elicited during elaboration.Age effects on AM were more pronounced during elaboration than search, with older adults showing less sustained recruitment of the hippocampus and ventrolateral PFC for less episodically rich AMs. Further, there was an age-related reduction in the top-down modulation of the PFC on the hippocampus by episodic richness, possibly reflecting fewer controlled processes operating on the recovery of information in the hippocampus.Ultimately, the goal of all memory research is to understand how memory operates in the real-world; the present research highlights the important contribution of functional neuroimaging studies of AM in attaining this goal.vi

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Section: Remote Autobiographical Memoriessupporting

confidence: 65%

Functional neuroimaging of autobiographical memory

Jacques¹

2012

Understanding Autobiographical Memory

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“…17 In humans, damage to the hippocampus generally impairs memory for material that was learned a few years before the damage occurred. 20,21 The expression patterns of several biochemical markers of neural activity support the importance of the cortical regions in long-term memory storage. 22,23 The expression of activity-related genes, such as c-fos and Zif268, gradually decreased in the hippocampus after learning, whereas there was a parallel increase in gene expression in the cortical regions, such as the prefrontal, frontal, anterior cingulate, retrosplenial, and temporal cortices.…”

Section: Learning and Memorymentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Recent memories are more likely to be affected, and remote memories are less likely to be affected. [17][18][19][20] In laboratory animals, lesions to the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, or fornix typically impair memory for material learned up to 30 days before the lesion was introduced. 17 In humans, damage to the hippocampus generally impairs memory for material that was learned a few years before the damage occurred.…”

Section: Learning and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of learning and memory by general anesthetics

Wang

Orser

2010

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

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“…Memory retrieval is assessed by the fear response the animals display when returned to the conditioning chamber. This is a model of explicit memory that is sensitive to hippocampal lesions and, reported by a number of groups, to show the temporal gradient in amnesia seen in many studies of human hippocampal patients with older (consolidated) context memories insensitive to hippocampal lesion (Kim and Fanselow 1992;Anagnostaras et al 1999;Squire and Bayley 2007). In Liu et al (2012), cfos-based genetic tagging was used to introduce channelrhodopsin (ChR2) into dentate gyrus (DG) neurons that were activated during contextual fear learning.…”

Section: Optogenetic Manipulation During Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory Retrieval in Mice and Men

Ben-Yakov

Dudai

Mayford

2015

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

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Retrieval, the use of learned information, was until recently mostly terra incognita in the neurobiology of memory, owing to shortage of research methods with the spatiotemporal resolution required to identify and dissect fast reactivation or reconstruction of complex memories in the mammalian brain. The development of novel paradigms, model systems, and new tools in molecular genetics, electrophysiology, optogenetics, in situ microscopy, and functional imaging, have contributed markedly in recent years to our ability to investigate brain mechanisms of retrieval. We review selected developments in the study of explicit retrieval in the rodent and human brain. The picture that emerges is that retrieval involves coordinated fast interplay of sparse and distributed corticohippocampal and neocortical networks that may permit permutational binding of representational elements to yield specific representations. These representations are driven largely by the activity patterns shaped during encoding, but are malleable, subject to the influence of time and interaction of the existing memory with novel information.

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The neuroscience of remote memory

Cited by 272 publications

References 88 publications

Functional neuroimaging of autobiographical memory

Functional neuroimaging of autobiographical memory

Inhibition of learning and memory by general anesthetics

Memory Retrieval in Mice and Men

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