The neutron spectrum of AmBe neutron sources

Vijaya, A.D.; Kumar, Arun

doi:10.1016/0029-554x(73)90199-7

Cited by 51 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Due to quenching, signals from a low energy part of the neutron spectrum originated from a three-body breakup reaction 9 Be(α, α ) → α + α + n were not observed at KamLAND and remained unverified. In addition, the neutron spectrum published in [40] gives no information about neutrons with energy below 0.1 MeV that is likely to cause some underestimation of the expected thermal neutron flux value. From the GEANT4 simulations we found that despite of a relatively small contribution (∼7.3 %) to the neutron energy distribution given in [40] the three-body breakup reaction gives ∼20 % of all thermal neutrons after passing through the water moderator.…”

Section: Tests Of the Detector Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

A large area detector for thermal neutron flux measurements at the KamLAND site

Kozlov

Chernyak

2018

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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A large area (0.5 m × 0.5 m) thermal neutron detector was developed based on 0.32 mm-thick 6 LiF:ZnS(Ag) scintillator sheets. The detector was constructed for measurements of seasonal variations in low intensity thermal neutron flux at deep underground sites. The detector response to neutrons was studied using a low intensity 241 Am/ 9 Be(α,n) neutron source. The digital pulse shape discrimination technique was applied to separate neutron capture events from the background caused by traces of α-emitters from Uranium and Thorium decay chains in scintillator components. The thermal neutron detection efficiency was 0.368±0.018 (0.155±0.009) before (after) event selection based on the digital pulse shape discrimination method. The measured α-particle background event rate in the 6 LiF:ZnS(Ag) scintillator was (4.88±0.06(stat))×10 −6 α cm −2 sec −1 . As a test of detector performance we measured the thermal neutron flux at the KamLAND area of the Kamioka neutrino observatory and compared it with result of the neutron flux measurement carried out at the Super-Kamiokande site. The thermal neutron flux at KamLAND was (6.43±0.50)×10 −6 n cm −2 sec −1 that included ∼10 % contribution from neutrons with energies above 1 eV. During the detector construction we identified a source of high amplitude noise pulses generated by 5-inch R1250 photomultipliers manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics K. K..

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Section: Tests Of the Detector Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

A large area detector for thermal neutron flux measurements at the KamLAND site

Kozlov

Chernyak

2018

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…The line is just a guide to the eye. When comparing with known reference spectra in Figure 7, the evaluated spectrum by using PHITS indicated the energy characteristics of an 241 Am-Be source [7]. Moreover, when PHITS was used to calculate response functions, the result of neutron-spectra evaluation has been much improved in comparison with evaluation by using a simplified Monte Carlo Method.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Neutron-energy Spectramentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The development of an imaging detector suitable for the proton distribution measurement under intense gamma-ray backgrounds is also needed. Am-Be source [7].…”

Section: Evaluation Of Neutron-energy Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

A method of neutron-energy evaluation based on the position distribution of recoil protons

Nakanishi

Nohtomi

Tanaka

et al. 2014

Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology

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A method of neutron-energy evaluation, which was recently proposed by the author's group, has been applied to the investigation of an 241 Am-Be source in order to confirm the validity of this novel approach; the method is based on the position distribution measurement of recoil protons by an imaging plate (IP) combined with a cone-like converter. The observed position distribution of recoil protons apparently involved neutron-energy information. An unfolding of the position distribution was plainly attempted with the response functions calculated by a simplified Monte Carlo method; the evaluated neutron spectra indicated the energy characteristics of an 241 Am-Be source. When a full Monte Carlo Code, PHITS, was used to calculate the position distributions of recoil protons in order to obtain more correct response functions, the result of neutron-spectra evaluation has been much improved. The evaluation of neutron-energy spectrum by the present method will be further improved by the more accurate calculation of response functions with taking account of the complicated response of IP to low energy protons carefully, as well as by the application of more reliable unfolding algorithms and more appropriate position sensitive detectors.

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“…(A.1). However, some alpha particles (of order 1 in 10 4 ) will undergo the neutron-producing reaction of interest at an energy of E α and generate a neutron of mass m n at some angle θ in the center of mass frame of the interaction that can be directly related to the emitted neutron energy E n via [42] …”

Section: A2 Spectrum Of Emitted Neutronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our calculations follow those of [41][42][43], and make use of ðα; nÞ cross-sections from the Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library (JENDL) [44] and neutron-xenon scattering crosssections from the Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF) [38]. The cross-sections were processed using the tools developed in [45].…”

Section: ðA:1þmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionization and scintillation of nuclear recoils in gaseous xenon

Renner

Gehman

Goldschmidt

et al. 2015

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Ionization and scintillation produced by nuclear recoils in gaseous xenon at approximately 14 bar have been simultaneously observed in an electroluminescent time projection chamber. Neutrons from radioisotope $\alpha$-Be neutron sources were used to induce xenon nuclear recoils, and the observed recoil spectra were compared to a detailed Monte Carlo employing estimated ionization and scintillation yields for nuclear recoils. The ability to discriminate between electronic and nuclear recoils using the ratio of ionization to primary scintillation is demonstrated. These results encourage further investigation on the use of xenon in the gas phase as a detector medium in dark matter direct detection experiments.Comment: 15 pages, 14 figure

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The neutron spectrum of AmBe neutron sources

Cited by 51 publications

References 19 publications

A large area detector for thermal neutron flux measurements at the KamLAND site

A large area detector for thermal neutron flux measurements at the KamLAND site

A method of neutron-energy evaluation based on the position distribution of recoil protons

Ionization and scintillation of nuclear recoils in gaseous xenon

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