The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, and neutrophil-to-high-density-lipoprotein ratio are correlated with the severity of Parkinson’s disease

Abstract

BackgroundInflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the correlation between peripheral inflammatory markers and the severity of PD remains unclear.MethodsThe following items in plasma were collected for assessment among patients with PD (n = 303) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 303) were assessed for the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and neutrophil-to-high-density-lipoprotein ratio (NHR) in plasma, and neuropsychological assessments were performed for all patients with PD. Spearman rank or Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the correlation between the NLR, the LMR and the NHR and the severity of PD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the NLR, LMR and NHR for PD.ResultsThe plasma NLR and NHR were substantially higher in patients with PD than in HCs, while the plasma LMR was substantially lower. The plasma NLR was positively correlated with Hoehn and Yahr staging scale (H&Y), Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), UPDRS-I, UPDRS-II, and UPDRS-III scores. Conversely, it exhibited a negative relationship with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. Furthermore, the plasma NHR was positively correlated with H&Y, UPDRS, UPDRS-I, UPDRS-II and UPDRS-III scores. Moreover, negative associations were established between the plasma LMR and H&Y, UPDRS, UPDRS-I, UPDRS-II, and UPDRS-III scores. Finally, based on the ROC curve analysis, the NLR, LMR and NHR exhibited respectable PD discriminating power.ConclusionOur research indicates that a higher NLR and NHR and a lower LMR may be relevant for assessing the severity of PD and appear to be promising disease-state biomarker candidates.

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…While NLR is primarily used for prognosis in stroke, ongoing research is exploring its potential role in prevention, early detection, and novel therapeutic strategies. In PD, the literature indicates that a higher NLR is associated with the severity of PD, suggesting its potential as a disease marker [ 11 , 70 ]. Elevated NLR values have been observed in PD patients compared to healthy individuals, highlighting its diagnostic value and potential role in assessing disease presence [ 11 ].…”

The Interplay between Ferroptosis and Neuroinflammation in Central Neurological Disorders

“…Neutrophils, originating from the bone marrow, are widely distributed in the bloodstream and play a crucial role in acute inflammation, being the most prevalent cells during its initial stages. Evidence suggests that the Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is associated with prognosis in certain central nervous system diseases [222][223][224]. However, the physiological blood-brain barrier presents a challenge for neutrophil entry into the telencephalon.…”