The present investigation is focused on the influence of the nanocrystalline structure of pure iron metal on the ultrasonic properties in the temperature range 100-300 K. The ultrasonic attenuation due to phononphonon interaction and thermoelastic relaxation phenomena has been evaluated for longitudinal and shear waves along <100>, <110> and <111> crystallographic directions. The second-and third-order elastic constants, ultrasonic velocities, thermal relaxation, anisotropy and acoustic coupling constants were also computed for the evaluation of ultrasonic attenuation in this temperature scale. The direction <111> is most appropriate to study longitudinal sound waves, while <100>, <110> direction are best to propagate shear waves due to lowest values of attenuation in these directions. Other physical properties correlated with obtained results have been discussed.