The new formula for apparent power and power losses of three-phase four-wire system

Energy efficiency of a 3-level shunt active power filter powered by a fuel-cell / battery DC bus with regulated duty cycles

“…Study of the energy efficiency. In this section, the study aims to extract the relative power losses X and the efficiency η depending on the load factor K L and the load power factor P F [6,7]. Since the power losses are mainly caused by the dispersed power in the wires resistances in the source, then in the following equations development only the source resistance R s will be considered.…”

“…Active power filters (APFs) are classified among the most effective power quality compensators that can reduce the power losses according to the adopted compensation approach and consequently improve the energy efficiency [4,5]. Particularly, the shunt active power filter (SAPF) generates a current which reactive component goes into the non-linear load whereas the active component flows into the source while guarantying less power losses and near-unity power factor (in spite of the energy losses in the APF electronic devices) [6,7]. The study of the energy efficiency of a compensated power system can be performed depending on the power system topology, the existent disturbances that increase the power losses and the compensation approach.…”

“…The study of the energy efficiency of a compensated power system can be performed depending on the power system topology, the existent disturbances that increase the power losses and the compensation approach. In the literature most studies concern the energy efficiency of four-wire power systems taking into account the neutral current in presence of harmonic disturbance and considering the instantaneous power theory in the compensation approach [4,[6][7][8]. Especially, the study presented by Artemenko and Batrak in [6] establishes new formulas that call the load factor (ratio between the shortcircuit power and the load active power) and the load power factor when expressing the system global efficiency and relative power losses.…”

“…In the literature most studies concern the energy efficiency of four-wire power systems taking into account the neutral current in presence of harmonic disturbance and considering the instantaneous power theory in the compensation approach [4,[6][7][8]. Especially, the study presented by Artemenko and Batrak in [6] establishes new formulas that call the load factor (ratio between the shortcircuit power and the load active power) and the load power factor when expressing the system global efficiency and relative power losses. The study demonstrates that more the load factor and the power factor are higher, the efficiency is higher and the relative power losses are lower which means better energy efficiency.…”

Energy efficiency comparison of shunt active filter's control strategies for three phase four-wire power system

“…В роботі [8] показана її адекватність формулі повної потужності, наведеній в стандарті IEEE Std 1459-2010. В силу своєї структури матриця R впливає на величину оп-тимального струму за наявності складової нульової послідовності векторів фазних напруг та лінійних струмів.…”