The New Youth of the In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy

Casu, Alberto; Sogne, Elisa; Genovese, Alessandro; DiBenedetto, Cristiano; Mozo, Sergio Lentijo; Zuddas, Efisio; Pagliari, Francesca; Falqui, Andrea

doi:10.5772/63269

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 114 publications

(166 reference statements)

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“…The determination of the trace element content ( Table 1 ) in the feed mixture and saponite clay was carried out using SEO-SEM Inspect S50-B (SELMI, Sumy, Ukraine) using an AZtecOne energy dispersive spectrometer AZtecOne with an X-MaxN20 detector (manufactured by Oxford Instruments plc.) according to the method described by Casu et al [ 45 ]. The mass fractions of the elements in the field of view were determined via X-ray microanalysis (EDX) on the energy values of the characteristic X-ray peaks of the chemical elements in the Be-U range.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Saponite Clay on Ruminal Fermentation Parameters during In Vitro Studies

Pikhtirova,

Pecka-Kiełb,

Króliczewska

et al. 2024

Animals

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Reducing the emission of global warming gases currently remains one of the strategic tasks. Therefore, the objective of our work was to determine the effect of saponite clay on fermentation in the rumen of cows. The pH, total gas production, CH4, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production in ruminal fluid was determined in vitro. Saponite clay from the Tashkiv deposit (Ukraine) has a high content of silicon, iron, aluminum, and magnesium. The addition of 0.15 and 0.25 g of saponite clay to the incubated mixture did not change the pH but reduced the total production (19% and 31%, respectively) and CH4 (24% and 46%, respectively) in the ruminal fluid compared to the control group and had no significant effect on the total VFA levels, but propionic acid increased by 15% and 21% and butyric acid decreased by 39% and 32%, respectively. We observed a decrease in the fermentation rates, with a simultaneous increase in the P:B ratio and an increase in the fermentation efficiency (FE) in the groups fermented with saponite clay, probably a consequence of the high efficiency in the breakdown of starch in the rumen. Therefore, further in vivo studies to determine the effective dose and effect of saponite clay on cow productivity and the reduction of gas emissions are promising and important.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Saponite Clay on Ruminal Fermentation Parameters during In Vitro Studies

Pikhtirova,

Pecka-Kiełb,

Króliczewska

et al. 2024

Animals

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“…These chips with electron-transparent windows enclose a thin layer of electrolyte, allowing the real-time imaging of electrochemical processes at the nanoscale. Instead of observation of specimens before and after reactions, in situ TEM allows the environment surrounding the TEM specimens to be changed in a variety of ways in response to an external stimulus, such as keeping them in a thermally regulated gaseous atmosphere, immersing them in a static or flowing liquid, or exposing them to electrical, magnetic fields, or irradiation . In situ TEM technique has been utilized in electrochemical measurements to trace the real-time structural and morphological evolution of electrode materials or electrocatalysts during preparation process or under dynamic working conditions. − Although in situ TEM can be operated under controlled environment conditions and offers great spatial resolution, its application is still limited by expensive instrument cost, complex sample preparation, and the potential of sample damage from electron beams during extended in situ investigations.…”

Section: In Situ Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Characterization Techniques for Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction

Wu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

ACS Nano

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The electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to produce ammonia is pivotal in modern society due to its environmental friendliness and the substantial influence that ammonia has on food, chemicals, and energy. However, the current electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) mechanism is still imperfect, which seriously impedes the development of NRR. In situ characterization techniques offer insight into the alterations taking place at the electrode/electrolyte interface throughout the NRR process, thereby helping us to explore the NRR mechanism in-depth and ultimately promote the development of efficient catalytic systems for NRR. Herein, we introduce the popular theories and mechanisms of the electrochemical NRR and provide an extensive overview on the application of various in situ characterization approaches for on-site detection of reaction intermediates and catalyst transformations during electrocatalytic NRR processes, including different optical techniques, X-ray-based techniques, electron microscopy, and scanning probe microscopy. Finally, some major challenges and future directions of these in situ techniques are proposed.

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“…In the past few decades, in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) advancements , have enabled real-time observations of numerous physical and chemical processes at the nanoscale such as crystallization, − grain growth, , phase transformations, , chemical reactions, , etc. Specifically, the synchronized use of lasers with TEM has expanded the horizons of spatial and temporal scales for the nanoscale processes. − A wide range of laser–matter interactions can be explored through the use of in situ laser heating transmission electron microscopy (ILH-TEM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Visualization of Aluminum Particle Wetting on Carbon Using In Situ Laser Heating TEM

Kumari,

Ortalan

2023

J. Phys. Chem. C

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The fundamental understanding of aluminum particle wetting is critical for many industrial and military applications, such as nanocomposites, surface coatings, and explosives. In this study, the wetting behavior of aluminum particles on carbon is directly visualized using an in situ laser heating transmission electron microscope (ILH-TEM). Morphological, structural, and chemical analyses of the reaction products formed after laser irradiation of the aluminum−carbon system are characterized ex situ by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using imaging, diffraction, and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Different stages of the wetting were captured for ex situ analysis by exposing the samples to a varying number of laser pulses. Additionally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out using a reactive force field (ReaxFF) to obtain an atomistic perspective of the aluminum−carbon interactions. The results show that dissolution and reaction occur during the wetting process and the spreading front advancement results from the reaction between aluminum and carbon at the triple line. The complete mechanism of aluminum wetting is discussed in detail, i.e., the impact of laser heating, breakdown of the passivation layer, and interaction of aluminum and carbon, resulting in wetting enhancement.

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The New Youth of the In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy

Cited by 4 publications

References 114 publications

The Effect of Saponite Clay on Ruminal Fermentation Parameters during In Vitro Studies

The Effect of Saponite Clay on Ruminal Fermentation Parameters during In Vitro Studies

In Situ Characterization Techniques for Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction

Direct Visualization of Aluminum Particle Wetting on Carbon Using In Situ Laser Heating TEM

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