The New Zealand falcon and wind farms: a risk assessment framework

Abstract

Internationally, birds of prey are often reported as being relatively prone to collision with wind turbines in comparison to other groups of birds. However, as yet it is unclear to what extent New Zealand's only endemic bird of prey, the New Zealand falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae), is at risk. In this paper we summarise the potential for wind farms to impact New Zealand falcon, evaluate the efficacy of a range of risk assessment and post-consent monitoring practices, and present options for mitigating and/or offsetting any residual effects. We conclude that the lack of knowledge on the effects of wind farms on New Zealand falcon is the result of inconsistency in the assessment methods thus far employed and the absence of a coordinated approach to monitoring methods and the dissemination of results. To remedy this we present a risk assessment framework that, if adopted, will provide the information necessary to ensure alternative energy targets can be met without compromising the conservation of this threatened species.

Movement of satellite-tracked juvenile saker falcons (Falco cherrug) in SW Slovakia

“…The exploratory flights represent a major collision risk for young, inexperienced sakers in the post-fledging areas, because in the vicinity of the nests (in Slovakia) there is low potential for collision with wind turbines. aging or nesting habitats, breeding disturbance, and collision risk (Seaton & Barea 2013). Loss of foraging habitats may be a problem in areas with many wind farms.…”