The next industrial revolution: Integrated services and goods

Abstract

The outputs or products of an economy can be divided into services products and goods products (due to manufacturing, construction, agriculture and mining). To date, the services and goods products have, for the most part, been separately mass produced. However, in contrast to the first and second industrial revolutions which respectively focused on the development and the mass production of goods, the next -or third -industrial revolution is focused on the integration of services and/or goods; it is beginning in this second decade of the 21st Century. The Third Industrial Revolution (TIR) is based on the confluence of three major technological enablers (i.e., big data analytics, adaptive services and digital manufacturing); they underpin the integration or mass customization of services and/or goods. As detailed in an earlier paper, we regard mass customization as the simultaneous and real-time management of supply and demand chains, based on a taxonomy that can be defined in terms of its underpinning component and management foci. The benefits of real-time mass customization cannot be over-stated as goods and services become indistinguishable and are co-produced -as "servgoods" -in real-time, resulting in an overwhelming economic advantage to the industrialized countries where the consuming customers are at the same time the co-producing producers.

Internet of connected ServGoods: Considerations, consequences and concerns

“…As detailed in Figure 2, there are actually four related technology enablers for TIR: "Big Data analytics" which serves to underpin both "adaptive services" and "digital manufacturing", which in turn constitute the basis for "mass customization" or the integration of services, goods and, possibly, ServGoods. Consequently, the TIR advanced by Tien (2012) is consistent with Rifkin's definition, wherein TIR is the integration of Internet technology (an adaptive service) with renewable energy (a digitally manufactured good).…”

“…It should be noted that this paper builds and expands on an earlier paper by Tien (2012), dealing with the Third Industrial Revolution; it also draws liberally from other papers by the author (Tien 2014(Tien , 2013(Tien , 2012(Tien , 2011(Tien , 2008(Tien , 2003 Tien et al 2004). Indeed, the term "ServGood" was first coined in the 2008 paper.…”

3D Printing and Its Disruptive Impacts on Supply Chains of the Future

“…• 3D printing could blur the line between purchase and creation, or in supply chain terms, it could merge design, manufacturing, and distribution (Tien, 2012).…”

A study on decision-making of food supply chain based on big data

“…Taylor & Fearne (2006) regard big data as the prerequisites for the development of a more synchronised approach to demand and activity analysis for the food supply chain. Tien (2012) pointed out that big data analytics is a key support technology to implement masscustomization in food production such as nano-modified and nano-additives. Anica-popa (2012) indicates that data sharing in the food supply chain will improve the food quality and safety.…”