The nexus between income inequality and CO2 emissions in Turkey

Üzar, Umut; Eyüboğlu, Kemal

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.169

Cited by 167 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…As seen, the results paint a consistent picture. The coefficients on income inequality are significant and positive in all of the columns, (1), (2), (3) and (4), implying that household carbon emissions increase with income inequality at the county level, which is in accordance with Liu et al (2019) and Uzar and Eyuboglu (2019) [39,62]. Specifically, a one-standard-deviation increase in the Gini coefficient will increase household carbon emissions by 6%.…”

Section: Baseline Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…There are also many empirical studies, but unfortunately, no consensus on the relationship between income inequality and carbon emissions has been reached. Golley and Meng (2012), Baek and Gweisah (2013), Jorgenson (2015), Kasuga and Takaya (2017), , and Uzar and Eyuboglu (2019) came to the conclusion that higher CO 2 emissions were positively associated with increasing income inequality [34][35][36][37][38][39]. In contrast, Heerink et al (2001), Coondoo and Dinda (2008), Baloch et al (2017), Hübler (2017), and Sager (2019) held that inequality affected carbon emissions in the opposite direction [28,[40][41][42][43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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The Impact of Income Inequality on Carbon Emissions in China: A Household-Level Analysis

2020

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This study investigates the impact of income inequality on household carbon emissions in China using nationwide micro panel data. The effect is positive—households in counties with greater income inequality emit more—and remarkably robust to a battery of robustness checks. We also explore the roles that consumption patterns, time preference, and mental health play in the relationship between income inequality and household carbon emissions. The findings suggest that the change in consumption patterns caused by income inequality may be an important reason for the positive effect of inequality on household carbon emissions and that a lower time preference for consumption and improved mental health can mitigate the positive effect of income inequality on household carbon emissions. Furthermore, substantial differences are found among households at different income levels and households with heads of different ages. The findings of this study provide important insights for policy makers to reduce both inequality and emissions.

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Section: Baseline Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Impact of Income Inequality on Carbon Emissions in China: A Household-Level Analysis

2020

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“…As a result, the use of energy-intensive goods in the economy also rises, thus emitting more CO2 to the environment (Hailemariam et al, 2019). Similar results have also been found in Turkey (Uzar & Eyuboglu, 2019), confirming that the increase in inequality damages the environmental quality in the country.…”

Section: Income Inequality Innovation and Carbon Emissionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Income inequality, innovation and carbon emission: Perspectives on sustainable growth

Mushtaq

Chen

Din

et al. 2020

Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja

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The present study aims to investigate the impact of income inequality and economic growth on carbon dioxide (CO2) emission through the moderating role of innovation in China at national and regional levels. To test the hypothesised relationships, this study took the data from 1995 to 2015 and employed panel estimation. Findings of the whole analysis show that income inequality and economic growth influence CO2 emission in China. Moreover, technological innovation moderates the proposed link. However, the findings at the regional level are mixed, thus confirming the existence of regional differences. Policy implications are also discussed. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…The ARDL model was also extensively and successfully implemented in prior studies to investigate the inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and CO 2 emissions [76][77][78][79][80][81]. VI.…”

Section: Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Non-Linear Nexus between Service Sector and CO2 Emissions in Pakistan

et al. 2020

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Our pioneer study is aimed at investigating the role of the service sector in affecting sustainable environment in Pakistan. Using time series data over 1971–2014 and applying an autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) model with structural break analysis, we establish a long-term equilibrium relationship of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions with energy consumption, income level, services and trade openness. Our findings support a service-induced environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in Pakistan. The income level sharply raises environmental degradation at the early stage; however, after reaching a certain threshold, it improves environmental quality but at a lower rate. There exists an inverted U-shaped nexus between services and CO2 emissions, which implies that the service sector is less energy-intensive in terms of mitigating pollution in Pakistan. Moreover, the energy consumption has an inverted U-shaped effect on carbon emissions, which implies energy efficiencies and adoption of renewable energy has reduced pollution in the long run. The trade openness increases CO2 emissions in both the short term and long term. The quadratic term of income level has a negatively inelastic impact on CO2 emissions, which implies a very slow rate of improvement in environmental quality. On the other hand, the quadratic term of services shows a highly elastic impact on pollution, which induces the EKC hypothesis. Our robustness checks such as fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least squares (OLS), and Toda and Yamamoto (TY) causality tests further confirm the existence of the service-induced EKC hypothesis in Pakistan. Moreover, there exists a unidirectional causality from energy consumption to CO2 emissions, a bidirectional causal relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions, and a unidirectional causal linkage between services and CO2 emissions. Lastly, we discuss certain policy implications for designing appropriate environmental and energy policies to mitigate the pollution in Pakistan.

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The nexus between income inequality and CO2 emissions in Turkey

Cited by 167 publications

References 45 publications

The Impact of Income Inequality on Carbon Emissions in China: A Household-Level Analysis

The Impact of Income Inequality on Carbon Emissions in China: A Household-Level Analysis

Income inequality, innovation and carbon emission: Perspectives on sustainable growth

Testing Non-Linear Nexus between Service Sector and CO2 Emissions in Pakistan

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