“…Due to the episodic nature of runoff, point sources, and atmospheric deposition, bivalves that filter particles from water make a good matrix for contaminant monitoring of PAHs. Use of bivalves (caged and in situ) for contaminant monitoring is conducted worldwide, nationally and regionally, because they are sedentary and integrate the contaminant signal in the surrounding environment temporally and spatially (Goldberg et al, 1978;Kauss & Handy, 1985;Cantillo et al, 1998;Chase et al, 2000;Gewurtz et al, 2002;O'Connor, 2002;Monirith et al, 2003;Richman & Somers, 2010;Richman, 2011;Beyer et al, 2017;Kimbrough et al, 2018). Specifically bivalves filter water and particles from the water column, some of the contaminants associated with these matrices are ingested and retained, allowing temporal pulses of contaminants in the environment to be integrated by bivalves.…”