The Nile Basin Cooperative Framework Agreement: a peacefully unfolding African spring?

Salman, Salman M. A.

doi:10.1080/02508060.2013.744273

Cited by 106 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The Lake Victoria which is shared by Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya is the main source of White Nile. From the Lake, the White Nile flows through Lakes Kyoga and Albert, and thereafter enters the Republic of South Sudan (Salman, 2013). The White Nile meets Blue Nile at Khartum, the capital of Sudan.…”

Section: The Nile Basin: Colonial Past To Cooperative Presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aswan High Dam in Egypt and Roseiris Dam on the Blue Nile in Sudan were constructed under this Agreement. A Permanent Joint Technical Committee, with an equal number of members from each country, as the institutional mechanism for the joint management of the Nile was established under the Agreement (Salman, 2013). These treaties signed over almost a century ago awarded only Egypt and to some extent Sudan, the major share of Nile water.…”

Section: Basin Development and Conflictsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Nile then flows through Lake Nasser and the Aswan Dam before splitting into major distributaries at Nile Delta which flow into the Mediterranean Sea. Source:http://venturesafrica.com/wp-content/ uploads/2013/06/Nile-dam.gif) The life of about 300 million people is dependent on Nile water and by 2030 the figure is expected to reach 500 million (Salman, 2013). Agriculture is the main consumptive water use sector in the Nile Basin as 78% of the peak flow at Aswan is consumed by agriculture.…”

Section: The Nile Basin: Colonial Past To Cooperative Presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Adoption of the Declaration of the Principles on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and Lessons for South Asia

Upadhyay¹,

Gaudel²

2017

Hydro Nepal

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This paper discusses how an upper riparian country can establish its water right of fulfilling own water needs through development of a transboundary river in a contested terrain of water management. Citing the case of the development of Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) and adoption of the Declaration of the Principles by the Eastern Nile Basin States, this paper highlights the major lessons that South Asia need to learn to achieve water security in the region through cooperation. This paper further argues that if, economically weak upstream riparian country, Ethiopia can initiate such an important and strategic project, then Nepal must also be in similar position to fulfill own demand without causing significant harm, rather benefiting the downstream countries. Like Egypt and Sudan, the lower riparian countries Bangladesh and more importantly India need to be in a position to acknowledge the downstream benefit principle. This paper states that without cooperation among riparian states of the Ganges basin, the sustainable development of the region seems limited.

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Section: The Nile Basin: Colonial Past To Cooperative Presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Basin Development and Conflictsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Nile Basin: Colonial Past To Cooperative Presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Adoption of the Declaration of the Principles on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and Lessons for South Asia

Upadhyay¹,

Gaudel²

2017

Hydro Nepal

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“…Midstream between Ethiopia and Egypt, Sudanese support for IWL is more ambiguous (Eissa, 2008). The Sudanese government's refusal to sign the Cooperative Framework Agreement may have been based more on concern over re-allocation of Nile flows (see Mekonnen, 2010;Salman, 2013) than on direct opposition to IWL. Its participation in the 1959 EgyptSudan treaty still assures the state the right to "develop" an additional 1-5 km 3 /y (Mohieldeen, 2008), much of which is likely to be made possible following the Ethiopian construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam further upstream.…”

Section: Eastern Nile Rivermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The response is often one of effective sabrerattling. Through a number of tactics and strategies, downstream Egypt, Israel and Iraq have managed to thwart the intended upstream development -at least for as long as asymmetries in power have favoured them (Salman, 2013;Zawahri, 2008;Zeitoun et al, forthcoming).…”

Section: Past and Future Challenges Of Iwl: Reconciling Watercourse Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relevance of international water law to later-developing upstream states

Zeitoun

2015

Water International

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The relevance of the main instruments of international water law to the hydraulic development projects of later-developing upstream states is explored, for a non-legal audience. Relevance is gauged by querying common misperceptions, checking the compatibility of the instruments, and considering their effect along the Nile, Jordan and Tigris Rivers and associated aquifers. Specific principles of international water law are found to support upstream development in theory, though its relevance is threatened by incompatibility of clauses between the instruments, the erosion of normbuilding processes, and a shift away from the idea that territorial sovereignty over a fluid resource should be limited. 2 The question arises in the non-legal water community: Should we care enough about this progress to learn the language and issues, and engage in the debates?Certainly water resource managers, diplomats and researchers should, for tensions between upstream and downstream states are increasing, and a compelling case has been made that IWL favours those downstream nations that have already developed the transboundary resource (Wegerich & Olsson, 2010). This article queries that argument by investigating the extent to which IWL is relevant to the later-developing, upstream states. It follows a tradition of articles on water law in Water International (e.g. Leb, 2015;Vink, 2014;Wouters & Chen, 2015), though in considering also the politics of water interaction between states, it is written for a non-legal water audience. The relevance is gauged by reviewing common misperceptions about law and lesser-known clauses, then by cross-checking the mutual compatibility of the many legal instruments that make up the body of IWL, and finally by querying the effect of IWL on the behaviour *Email: m.zeitoun@uea.ac.uk 2 of riparian states along the Jordan, Nile, and Tigris Rivers and associated aquifers. This is preceded by a critical review of the relevant legal principles and debates, and followed by discussion of the implications of the findings.The analysis finds that on the whole, IWL is entirely relevant to all late-developing upstream states. Taken (momentarily) out of the political context, the chief legal instruments are found to contain no provisions which compromise upstream development or privilege downstream development. This theoretical relevance of IWL is found to be threatened, however, through a perceptible shift away from coordinated to unilateral transboundary activity, through erosion of the norm-building feature of international law (as when IWL is ignored or discredited by those seeking to maintain the status quo) and through incompatible clauses (in particular the sovereignty clause in the Draft Aquifer Articles). IWL's actual influence over the transboundary water arrangements in the cases considered is found to be qualified, revealing how the threats may and do play out in practice. The article argues that the advances IWL has made in tackling the collective challenge of governing a fluid transboundary resource a...

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The future of the Nile: climate change, land use, infrastructure management, and treaty negotiations in a transboundary river basin

Barnes

2017

WIREs Climate Change

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The Nile is one of the world's major rivers; its basin is shared by 11 countries and is home to some 300 million people. This article reviews the multidisciplinary literature on the Nile to understand more about the outlook for this geopolitically significant river basin. I start by synthesizing the key results from recent climate change modeling studies, which show a warming trend for the basin, but considerable uncertainty regarding the direction of precipitation and streamflow change. I explore how different actors within the Nile Basin are perceiving and responding to climate change. Second, I look at the significance of land use, both to basin hydrology and as a driver of water demand. I highlight contemporary land use changes that could impact flows within the Nile Basin. Third, I examine the role of infrastructure in influencing the magnitude and temporality of flows along the river. I focus, in particular, on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, its projected impacts, and the concerns it has generated. Finally I explore the geopolitical context of the basin, and the ongoing conflict over water sharing agreements. I look at the treaty currently on the table, the Cooperative Framework Agreement, and the political issues it has raised. In bringing together this diverse literature, the article offers a timely and multifaceted insight into the varied factors that will shape the future of the Nile. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e449. doi: 10.1002/wcc.449 This article is categorized under: Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change Trans‐Disciplinary Perspectives > Regional Reviews

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The Nile Basin Cooperative Framework Agreement: a peacefully unfolding African spring?

Cited by 106 publications

References 8 publications

The Adoption of the Declaration of the Principles on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and Lessons for South Asia

The Adoption of the Declaration of the Principles on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and Lessons for South Asia

The relevance of international water law to later-developing upstream states

The future of the Nile: climate change, land use, infrastructure management, and treaty negotiations in a transboundary river basin

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