The NIO1 negative ion source: Investigation and operation experience

Cavenago, M.; Serianni, G.; Baltador, C.; Barbisan, M.; Pimazzoni, A.; Poggi, C.; Veltri, P.; Antoni, V.; Armelao, Lidia; Baseggio, L.; Cervaro, V.; Muri, M. De; Franchin, L.; Jain, Palak; Laterza, B.; Maniero, M.; Martini, D.; Minarello, A.; Pasqualotto, R.; Rancan, Marzio; Ravarotto, D.; Recchia, M.; Sartori, E.; Sattin, M.; Stivanello, Flavia Loreta; Ugoletti, M.; Variale, V.; Zucchetti, S.

doi:10.1063/1.5083747

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For comparison, By from grid EG3 is shown (see the legend for scaling). nice (wide) minimum around Vs/Ve ≅ 9, while lateral ones d 1 and d 3 (affected by disuniformity of the filter field 14 and plasma, 5 and by viewing errors) suggest using a slightly larger Vs/Ve ≅ 9.5. In Fig.…”

Section: New Filter Field and Beam Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first method used to test the NIO1 Cs oven prototype (in a test bench completely separated from NIO1) was deposition on square Mo targets. 5 As a second method, following the SPIDER oven experience, 10 we installed a compact Surface Ionization Detector (SID) 11 in that test bench. Failure of a gate valve and frequent interruptions of main power caused air leaks and oxide crusts in the Cs reservoir, which was then rebuilt [see Fig.…”

Section: Overall Nio1 Plan Results and Upgradesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An H − source needs a magnetic field B s (called filter) inside the source near PG to protect fragile H − from more energetic plasma electrons; the filter optimal value and profile are still debated. 3,5 In the original NIO1 configuration, called setup "a," B s was aligned in the x direction, to avoid interference with the deflection field B d , and was produced only by a current Ipg limited to 400 A; then, B s…”

Section: New Filter Field and Beam Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This gives Ix = 0.16 mT m, which was very successful in enhancing O − ion production. 5,14 Let B (1) be the field produced (by sole currents) in setup "b." Setup "c" added a permanent magnet (PM) system producing a term B (2) with a peak B…”

Section: New Filter Field and Beam Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In view of the long term operation of neutral beam injectors (NBI) used for stellarator and tokamak heating and current drive, 1,2 the negative ion source must be carefully optimized, 3 especially because not only plasma but also surface wall conditions are involved in H − or D − production. The NIO1 source (Negative Ion Optimization phase 1, described elsewhere 4,5 ) was developed and has been operating since 2014 (in close collaboration between Consorzio RFX and INFN), as a convenient benchmark to study innovative solutions and to address physical questions. The comparatively smaller size of NIO1 (a compact 9 beamlet H − source) is advantageous for experimental changes, whose significance is amplified by the fact that NIO1 works in the Continuous Wave (CW) regime, as is necessary for DEMO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beam and installation improvements of the NIO1 ion source

Cavenago

Barbisan²,

Delogu³

et al. 2020

Review of Scientific Instruments

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The NIO1 (Negative Ion Optimization phase 1) source can provide continuous beam operation, which is convenient for systematic parameter and equipment studies. Even in the pure volume production regime, the source yield was found to depend on conditioning procedures. Magnetic configuration tests continued adding magnets to the existing setup; the filter field component Bx has been progressively extended to span the −12 to 5 mT range, and as a trend, source performances improved with |Bx|. The progress of camera beam diagnostics and of the quality of the volume-produced H − beam is also shown. The status, off-line results, and reliability of a first NIO1 cesium oven are discussed; other upgrades in preparation (cavity ring down spectrometer, the end calorimeter, and conceptual tests of the energy recovery system) are also listed.

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Section: New Filter Field and Beam Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overall Nio1 Plan Results and Upgradesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: New Filter Field and Beam Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: New Filter Field and Beam Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Beam and installation improvements of the NIO1 ion source

Cavenago

Barbisan²,

Delogu³

et al. 2020

Review of Scientific Instruments

Self Cite

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show abstract

Experimental experience and improvement of NIO1 H− ion source

Cavenago

Serianni

Baltador

et al. 2019

Fusion Engineering and Design

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Beam energy recovery for fusion and collector design for tests on compact sources

Variale

Valentino

Cavenago

et al. 2020

Review of Scientific Instruments

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The next fusion project DEMO, which will be the evolution of the experimental fusion reactor [International Tokamak Experimental Reactor (ITER)], would require a high efficient energy production. As in ITER, DEMO will use fast Neutral Beam (NB) injectors to increase the plasma temperature needed for the fusion reaction. A way to recover the electric energy production efficiency in DEMO could be the beam energy recovery in the NB production, which is produced by a D− beam, neutralized by a gas cell with 60% efficiency. A compact energy recovery device with an axisymmetric cylindrical ion collector that uses only decelerating electric fields combined with the beam space charge effect has been recently proposed. It can be used for a test on the beam of the NIO1 (Negative Ion Optimization 1) source, a compact ion source (scaled down from ITER size sources) that has been developed at INFN-LNL and Consorzio RFX (Padua). The detailed collector design to be used on one of the beamlets of the NIO1 source within typical space limitation is presented and discussed here. Furthermore, a preliminary trajectory simulation for a beam with a rectangular geometry similar to the beam used in ITER to verify the beam recovery for a nonaxial symmetric geometry is also shown.

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The NIO1 negative ion source: Investigation and operation experience

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Beam and installation improvements of the NIO1 ion source

Beam and installation improvements of the NIO1 ion source

Experimental experience and improvement of NIO1 H− ion source

Beam energy recovery for fusion and collector design for tests on compact sources

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