The Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form: typical IQ version

Aman, Michael G.; Leone, Sarah; Lecavalier, Luc; Park, Linda; Buican, Brett; Coury, Daniel L.

doi:10.1097/yic.0b013e3282f94ad0

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…D-Total scores >12 are considered high (mean -SD in the normative sample, n = 471, was 10.09 -11.44); a score > 27 (90th percentile) was required for study entry. The mean normative score on the ADHD Total subscale was 6.82 -7.06 (n = 479), and the mean normative score for the Positive Social subscale was 19.96 -6.28 (n = 485) (Aman et al 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comorbid Symptomatology Moderates Response to Risperidone, Stimulant, and Parent Training in Children with Severe Aggression, Disruptive Behavior Disorder, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Farmer

Brown

Gadow

et al. 2015

Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

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Objective: In this study, we evaluated parent and child characteristics as predictors and moderators of response in the four-site Treatment of Severe Childhood Aggression (TOSCA) study. Methods: A total of 168 children with severe aggression, disruptive behavior disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were enrolled in a 9-week trial of basic treatment (n = 84, stimulant + parent training + placebo) versus augmented treatment (n = 84, stimulant + parent training + risperidone). In the initial report, augmented treatment surpassed basic treatment in reducing the primary outcome of disruptive behavior (D-Total) scores. In the current study, we evaluated parent (income, education, family functioning, employment) and child variables (intelligence quotient [IQ], aggression type, comorbid symptomatology) as predictors or moderators, using linear mixed models and the MacArthur guidelines. Results: Higher scores on ADHD symptom severity and callous/unemotional traits predicted better outcome on D-Total regardless of treatment assignment. Two moderators of D-Total were found: Higher anger/irritability symptoms and lower mania scores were associated with faster response, although not better overall effect at endpoint, in the augmented but not the basic group. Several variables moderated response on secondary outcomes (ADHD severity and prosocial behavior), and were characterized by faster response, although not better outcome, in the augmented but not in the basic group. Maternal education moderated outcome on the measure of positive social behavior; children of mothers with less education benefited more from augmented treatment relative to basic than those with more education. Conclusion: Although these findings require validation, they tentatively suggest that augmented treatment works equally well across the entire sample. Nevertheless, certain child characteristics may be useful indicators for the speed of response to augmented treatment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary outcome measure in the study was the NCBRF Typical IQ version (Aman et al 2008) Disruptive Total Score (D-Total). The NCBRF is a parent-report measure with excellent psychometric properties and demonstrated sensitivity to drug effects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbid Symptomatology Moderates Response to Risperidone, Stimulant, and Parent Training in Children with Severe Aggression, Disruptive Behavior Disorder, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Farmer

Brown

Gadow

et al. 2015

Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

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“…The initial publication describing results for the primary hypotheses 16 reported that Augmented treatment was superior to Basic treatment in reducing the severity of disruptive behaviors (Cohen's d =.43) as measured by the primary outcome measure, the parent-completed Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form Disruptive total (NCBRF D-total). 17 Moreover, there was little evidence of increased risk of adverse events (AEs) at the end of the acute treatment phase for children receiving Augmented treatment. The present article expands on our previous report by addressing several new topics including (a) drug effects for DSM-IV -defined ADHD, ODD and CD symptoms and (b) interpersonal peer aggression; (c) caregiver reports of symptom-induced impairment; (d) teachers' ratings of treatment effects to include school functioning; and (e) informant discrepancy (i.e., differences in parents' versus teachers' ratings of drug response).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risperidone Added to Parent Training and Stimulant Medication: Effects on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, and Peer Aggression

Gadow

Arnold

Molina

et al. 2014

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

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Objective In this study, we aimed to expand on our prior research into the relative efficacy of combining parent training, stimulant medication and placebo (Basic) versus parent training, stimulant, and risperidone (Augmented) therapy by examining treatment effects for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) symptoms and peer aggression, symptom-induced—impairment, and informant discrepancy. Method Children (6-12 years; N=168) with severe physical aggression, ADHD, and co-occurring ODD/CD received an open trial of parent training and stimulant medication for 3 weeks. Participants failing to show optimal clinical response were randomly assigned to Basic or Augmented therapy for an additional 6 weeks. Results Compared with Basic therapy, children receiving Augmented therapy experienced greater reduction in parent-rated ODD severity (p=.02, Cohen's d=0.27) and peer aggression (p=.02, Cohen's d=0.32), but not ADHD or CD symptoms. Fewer children receiving Augmented (16%) than Basic (40%) therapy were rated by their parents as impaired by ODD symptoms at Week 9/endpoint (p=.008). Teacher ratings indicated greater reduction in ADHD severity (p=.02, Cohen's d =0.61) with Augmented therapy, but not for ODD or CD symptoms or peer aggression. Although both interventions were associated with marked symptom reduction, a relatively large percentage of children were rated impaired for at least one targeted disorder at Week 9/endpoint by parents (Basic 47%; Augmented 27%) and teachers (Basic 48%; Augmented 38%). Conclusion Augmented was superior to Basic therapy in reducing severity of ADHD and ODD symptoms, peer aggression, and symptom-induced impairment, but clinical improvement was generally context-specific, and effect sizes ranged from small to moderate.

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“…Measures relevant to the reanalysis include the Disruptive Total (D-Total) of the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form –Typical IQ (NCBRF) 10 and the severity and improvement ratings from the Clinical Global Impressions scale (CGI-S and CGI-I). 11 The NCBRF D-Total score is a combination of the Conduct Problem and Oppositional Behavior subscales.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Implications From the Treatment of Severe Childhood Aggression (TOSCA) Study: A Re-Analysis and Integration of Findings

Barterian

Arnold

Brown

et al. 2017

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

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Objective The Treatment of Severe Childhood Aggression (TOSCA) project examined augmentation of stimulant treatment and parent training (PT) with risperidone for severe physical aggression. This article 1) summarizes the clinical implications; 2) re-analyzes the data to examine the utility of four criteria for deciding to augment; and 3) develops a treatment algorithm. Method The newly analyzed four criteria for augmenting comprised failure to attain the following after 3 weeks of stimulant and PT treatment: 1) Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) of 1 and normal score (≤ 15) on the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form Disruptive-Total (D-total); 2) CGI-I of 1 or 2 plus 25% D-Total improvement; 3) a D-Total ≤ 15; and 4) a CGI-Severity of 3 (mild) or better. Effect sizes were calculated. Prior TOSCA publications were reviewed for clinically relevant findings. Results All four criteria resulted in medium or better effect sizes (d=.59–.72) comparing risperidone to placebo. Providing risperidone to children who failed to reach a CGI-I=1 plus D-Total ≤15 resulted in the greatest benefit. Additionally, a review of clinically relevant data suggests that stimulant plus PT shows further improvement after 3 weeks even without augmentation. Conclusion For those children who did not attain a CGI-I of 1 and a D-total score of 15 or below, adding risperidone maximized both the number of children benefitting from treatment and the average amount of benefit. Unless clinical circumstances dictate otherwise, practitioners should delay an antipsychotic for at least a month after optimal stimulant dose is achieved and PT has commenced. Clinical trial registration information Treatment of Severe Childhood Aggression (The TOSCA Study); http://clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00796302.

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The Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form: typical IQ version

Cited by 39 publications

References 14 publications

Comorbid Symptomatology Moderates Response to Risperidone, Stimulant, and Parent Training in Children with Severe Aggression, Disruptive Behavior Disorder, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Comorbid Symptomatology Moderates Response to Risperidone, Stimulant, and Parent Training in Children with Severe Aggression, Disruptive Behavior Disorder, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Risperidone Added to Parent Training and Stimulant Medication: Effects on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, and Peer Aggression

Clinical Implications From the Treatment of Severe Childhood Aggression (TOSCA) Study: A Re-Analysis and Integration of Findings

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