The Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys. XI: Relatives' Expressed Emotion

McCreadie, Robin G.; Robertson, Lesley; Hall, David J.; Berry, Isabelle

doi:10.1192/bjp.162.3.393

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Scazufca and Kuipers (1998) found 63.9% of stability in EE; 25% changed from high to low and 11% from low to high EE. McCreadie et al (1993) found 63% of stability over five years, but they also observed that the CFI may not be sensitive enough to measure EE out of crisis, or, if EE is only evident at times of crisis, then the CFI is not effective to evaluate its influence in the course of the illness. Another explanation is that the quality of the interactions would be different at times of crisis and out of crisis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Longitudinal Study of the Stability of Expressed Emotion in Families of Schizophrenic Patients: A 9-Month Follow-Up

et al. 2001

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El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la estabilidad de las actitudes de los familiares de esquizofrénicos recogidas en el constructo emoción expresada (EE). Para ello, se evaluó la EE en un grupo de 32 familias de esquizofrénicos mediante la Camberwell Familiy Interview (CFI; Brown, Birley y Wing, 1972; Vaughn y Leff, 1976b)), repitiendo la evaluación a los 9 meses. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la EE es estable en los padres, mientras que en las madres parece que la alta EE está influida por las situaciones de crisis, ya que si se evalúa la EE en crisis no es estable y en los períodos intercrisis sí lo es. Estos resultados se comentan y valoran en relación con las intervenciones familiares dirigidas a reducir la EE, en las que debería tenerse en cuenta que la EE de las madres puede bajar por su inestabilidad, no por la intervención. Por otro lado, se debería incidir especialmente en los padres dado que la alta EE es constante y por lo tanto provoca estrés al paciente durante el seguimiento.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Longitudinal Study of the Stability of Expressed Emotion in Families of Schizophrenic Patients: A 9-Month Follow-Up

et al. 2001

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“…After neuroleptic drugs introduction, the majority of psychiatric patients came back to live in their own social milieu. More symptomatic relapses were evident in these patients compared to subjects who did not live with their own families; in particular, families characterized by high emotional background seem to facilitate relapses [116]. …”

Section: Frequence and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizophrenia: from Epidemiology to Rehabilitation

Mura¹,

Петретто²,

Bhat³

et al. 2012

CPEMH

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Purpose/Objective:We discuss recent evidences about schizophrenia (frequency, onset, course, risk factors and genetics) and their influences to some epidemiological myths about schizophrenia diffuse between psychiatric and psychopathology clinicians. The scope is to evaluate if the new acquisitions may change the rehabilitation approaches to schizophrenia modifying the balance about the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia accepting that the cognitive deficits are produced by errors during the normal development of the brain (neurodevelopmental hypothesis) that remains stable in the course of illness and the neurodegenerative hypothesis according of which they derived from a degenerative process that goes on inexorably.Research Method/Design:A review of the literature about epidemiology of schizophrenia has been performed and the contributions of some of these evidence to neurodevelopmental hypothesis and to rehabilitation has been described.Results:It cannot be definitively concluded for or against the neurodevelopmental or degenerative hypothesis, but efforts in understanding basis of schizophrenia must go on. Until now, rehabilitation programs are based on the vulnerability-stress model: supposing an early deficit that go on stable during the life under favorable circumstances. So, rehabilitation approaches (as neuro-cognitive approaches, social skill training, cognitive-emotional training) are focused on the individual and micro-group coping skills, aiming to help people with schizophrenia to cope with environmental stress factors.Conclusions/Implications:Coping of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia may represents the starting-point for further research on schizophrenia, cohort studies and randomized trials are necessary to defined the range of effectiveness and the outcome of the treatments.

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“…Recently, an increasing number of studies implicate family's EE as important factors influencing family relationships and dysfunction (Raune et al, 2004), and close relationships between EE and family functioning and distress have been established (Barrowclough and Parle, 1997). For some family caregivers, EE is not stable over time, regardless of whether they had participated in an intervention programme or not (McCreadie et al, 1993;Scazufca and Kuipers, 1999). However, Scazufca and Kuipers (1998) have reported that EE remained constant in two-thirds of the family members recruited and changes in EE levels in the families were predicted by changes in family burden and extent of contacts between patient and family within a 9-month follow-up period.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further validation of the Chinese version of the Level of Expressed Emotion Scale for research and clinical use

Chien

Chan

2010

International Journal of Nursing Studies

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Background: Expressed emotion is a construct that has been used for the past three decades to describe family members' criticism, hostility and emotional involvement with a mentally ill relative within the context of family interactions and care-giving. In Western countries this construct is used as an outcome measure of interventions for families of people with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders, but the use of this construct in Chinese populations is somewhat limited.Objective: To test the reliability and validity of a refined Chinese version of the 52-item Level of Expressed Emotion Scale (LEE).Methods: A convenience sample of 405 outpatients with psychotic disorders in Hong Kong and one of their family caregivers were recruited. Patients were asked to complete a set of questionnaires twice over a six-month period, including the Chinese version of the LEE, the Specific Level of Functioning scale and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; while their caregivers completed the Family Assessment Device twice and a demographic data sheet at recruitment. This study was aimed at establishing the internal consistency, reproducibility, responsiveness, and construct validity of the LEE.  This study also provides evidence that similar to Western studies, the construct of expressed emotion of family members in Chinese population consists of four factor solutions, including intrusiveness, expectations of the patient, attitude towards the illness, and emotional involvement.

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The Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys. XI: Relatives' Expressed Emotion

Cited by 43 publications

References 18 publications

Longitudinal Study of the Stability of Expressed Emotion in Families of Schizophrenic Patients: A 9-Month Follow-Up

Longitudinal Study of the Stability of Expressed Emotion in Families of Schizophrenic Patients: A 9-Month Follow-Up

Schizophrenia: from Epidemiology to Rehabilitation

Further validation of the Chinese version of the Level of Expressed Emotion Scale for research and clinical use

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