The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017: High-Resolution Cryo-Electron Microscopy

Chung, Jae-Hee; Kim, Ho Min

doi:10.9729/am.2017.47.4.218

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“… 138 Cryo-TEM could show phytosomes directly in the frozen state to prevent phytosomal disruption. 139 Freeze-fracture-TEM provides the details on liposomal size and morphology without any structural distortion. 140 Methods of microscopy are generally of high resolution and rapid productivity, but the sample preparation is complicated and time-consuming; also, some problems such as shrinking or shape distortion can be generated in sample preparation.…”

Section: Phytosome Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytosomes as Innovative Delivery Systems for Phytochemicals: A Comprehensive Review of Literature

Barani¹,

Sangiovanni²,

Angarano³

et al. 2021

IJN

133

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Nowadays, medicinal herbs and their phytochemicals have emerged as a great therapeutic option for many disorders. However, poor bioavailability and selectivity might limit their clinical application. Therefore, bioavailability is considered a notable challenge to improve bio-efficacy in transporting dietary phytochemicals. Different methods have been proposed for generating effective carrier systems to enhance the bioavailability of phytochemicals. Among them, nano-vesicles have been introduced as promising candidates for the delivery of insoluble phytochemicals. Due to the easy preparation of the bilayer vesicles and their adaptability, they have been widely used and approved by the scientific literature. The first part of the review is focused on introducing phytosome technology as well as its applications, with emphasis on principles of formulations and characterization. The second part provides a wide overview of biological activities of commercial and non-commercial phytosomes, divided by systems and related pathologies. These results confirm the greater effectiveness of phytosomes, both in terms of biological activity or reduced dosage, highlighting curcumin and silymarin as the most formulated compounds. Finally, we describe the promising clinical and experimental findings regarding the applications of phytosomes. The conclusion of this study encourages the researchers to transfer their knowledge from laboratories to market, for a further development of these products.

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Section: Phytosome Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytosomes as Innovative Delivery Systems for Phytochemicals: A Comprehensive Review of Literature

Barani¹,

Sangiovanni²,

Angarano³

et al. 2021

IJN

133

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“…Hopefully, there will be many opportunities in the Cryo-EM field to facilitate research in the future, including more advanced technologies. For example, a section of cells analyzed by in situ structural biology involving a Cryo-electron tomography and sub-tomogram averaging may lead to the next revolution in macromolecular biology (Chung & Jung, 2018;Chung & Kim, 2017).…”

Section: Review Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Studies of Respirasome by Cryo-Electron Microscopy

Jeon

Kim

Ryu

2018

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The respiratory chain complex forms a supercomplex (SC) in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This complex facilitates the process of electron transfer to produce the proton gradient used to synthesize ATP. Understanding the precise structure of the SC is considered an important challenge. However, it has not yet been reported. The development of a Cryo-electron microscopy (EM) technique provides an effective way to obtain high-resolution micrographs to determine the high-resolution three-dimensional structure of biomolecules. In this brief review, the currently reported Cryo-EM structures of the mammalian respirasome have been described in order to establish a direction for further research in the respiratory system.

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“…Fluorescence microscopy excels at localizing specific proteins of interest but, even with the use of multiple fluorescent labels [23,24], the remaining intracellular structures remain invisible. Electron microscopy (EM) can provide full structural information without labeling and achieves two orders of magnitude better spatial resolution than is obtainable with light microscopes [25]. Yet despite advances in EM's capacity for volumetric imaging [26], it remains extremely time-consuming, which limits the ability to observe structural changes in statistically significant numbers of whole cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Switchable resolution in soft x-ray tomography of single cells

et al. 2020

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The diversity of living cells, in both size and internal complexity, calls for imaging methods with adaptable spatial resolution. Soft x-ray tomography (SXT) is a three-dimensional imaging technique ideally suited to visualizing and quantifying the internal organization of single cells of varying sizes in a near-native state. The achievable resolution of the soft xray microscope is largely determined by the objective lens, but switching between objectives is extremely time-consuming and typically undertaken only during microscope maintenance procedures. Since the resolution of the optic is inversely proportional to the depth of focus, an optic capable of imaging the thickest cells is routinely selected. This unnecessarily limits the achievable resolution in smaller cells and eliminates the ability to obtain high-resolution images of regions of interest in larger cells. Here, we describe developments to overcome this shortfall and allow selection of microscope optics best suited to the specimen characteristics and data requirements. We demonstrate that switchable objective capability advances the flexibility of SXT to enable imaging cells ranging in size from bacteria to yeast and mammalian cells without physically modifying the microscope, and we demonstrate the use of this technology to image the same specimen with both optics.

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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017: High-Resolution Cryo-Electron Microscopy

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Phytosomes as Innovative Delivery Systems for Phytochemicals: A Comprehensive Review of Literature

Phytosomes as Innovative Delivery Systems for Phytochemicals: A Comprehensive Review of Literature

Structural Studies of Respirasome by Cryo-Electron Microscopy

Switchable resolution in soft x-ray tomography of single cells

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