The noble gas systematics of late-orogenic H2O–CO2 fluids, Mt Isa, Australia

Kendrick, Mark A.; Honda, Masahiko; Oliver, Nicholas H.S.; Phillips, David

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.12.005

Cited by 32 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Ernest Henry) but not earlier deposits such as Osborne (Kendrick et al 2007;Fisher and Kendrick 2008;Kendrick et al, 2011). Metasedimentary rocks, such as the meta-evaporitic Corella Formation, made important contributions of CO 2 , SO 4 and Cl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…However, fluid inclusion data suggest district scale pulses of H 2 O and CO 2 fluids, and indicate a range of fluid compositions (hypersaline, mixed salt carbonic and CO 2 ). Volume expansion related to the generation of high mass fractions of vapour (X vap 0.43) may account for the extensive but localised metamorphic-related brecciation within the Corella and Doherty Formations of the Mary Kathleen Fold Belt and EFB(Marshall 2003;Oliver et al 2006;Bertelli and Baker, 2010;Kendrick et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mineral system analysis of the Mt Isa–McArthur River region, Northern Australia

Murphy

Hutton

Walshe

et al. 2011

Australian Journal of Earth Sciences

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The Mt Isa-McArthur region is renowned for a range of commodities and deposit types of world-class proportions. The region is described here in the context of a 'mineral system,' through consideration of processes that operate across a range of scales, from geodynamics and crustal architecture, to fluid sources, pathways, drivers and depositional processes. The objective is to improve targeting of Pb-Zn, Cu and Cu-Au deposits. Repeated extension and high heat flow characterise much of the history prior to 1640 Ma. The pre-Barramundi Orogeny (pre-1.87 Ga) metamorphic basement was the substrate on which a volcanic arc developed, focussed along the Kalkadoon-Leichhardt Belt. This is related to an inferred east-directed subduction between 1870 and 1850 Ma. From 1755 to 1640 Ma, three successive volcano-sedimentary basins developed, the Leichhardt, Calvert and Isa Superbasins, in an interpreted distal back-arc environment. The Isan Orogeny, from 1640 to 1490 Ma, overlapped with Isa Superbasin sedimentation, suggesting a transition from back-arc to a foreland basin setting. Most crustal thickening occurred in the Eastern Fold Belt, an area earlier characterised by thinned crust and deep marine environments. This region was deformed into nappe-like structures with high-temperature-low-pressure regional metamorphism and associated granites; the latter are absent from the Western Fold Belt. Metal deposition mainly occurred late in the history, with all known (and preserved) major base metal occurrences either hosted by Isa Superbasin rocks or formed during the Isan Orogeny. Earlier superbasins were potential fluid source regions. Sedimentary formation waters, metamorphic and magmatic fluids were present at prospect scale, while meteoric and possibly mantle sources are also implicated. The spatial distribution of metallogenic associations (i.e. iron oxide-copper-gold, Pb-Zn-Ag, U, Au) across the inlier may result from differences in the geodynamic make-up and evolution of the pre-1.87 Ga tectonic elements. Penetrative faults are interpreted as predominantly steeply dipping and to have acted as pathways for fluids, both in extension and compression. Fluid mixing was a potentially significant ore deposit control. Examples are drawn from the Ernest Henry iron oxide-copper-goldrelated hydrothermal breccias in the east and from the Mt Isa Copper deposit in the west. Stress switching during late-stage deformation appears to have triggered a fluid mixing event that led to formation of the major copper deposits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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confidence: 99%

Mineral system analysis of the Mt Isa–McArthur River region, Northern Australia

Murphy

Hutton

Walshe

et al. 2011

Australian Journal of Earth Sciences

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“…Geochemical evidence for fluid mixing comes from stable and radiogenic isotope signatures, mineral composition data, and fluid-inclusion compositions, including halogen ratios (Goldhaber et al, 1995;Staude et al, 2009Staude et al, , 2012Boiron et al, 2010;Wilkinson, 2010;Kendrick et al, 2011;Fusswinkel et al, 2013). Mesozoic, unconformity-related hydrothermal deposits of the Schwarzwald district in southwest Germany are representative of a large range of deposits where mixing of (1) hot, basement-derived fluids from below and (2) cooler, surface or sediment-derived fluids from above is invoked in the absence of igneous activity to drive fluid circulation (Staude et al, 2009, 2012, andreferences therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors propose fluid-flow trajectories that converge on the ore deposition site, where mixing takes place (e.g., Boiron et al, 2010;Kendrick et al, 2011). This would imply a local low in the hydraulic head field, violating the condition of a divergence-free potential field in the absence of fluid sinks (Bons et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid mixing from below in unconformity-related hydrothermal ore deposits

Bons

Fußwinkel

Gomez‐Rivas

et al. 2014

Geology

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“…Kendrick et al, 2011a). However, it is not uncommon for fluid inclusions in quartz to have anomalously low He/Ar ratios, or very low helium abundances, that suggest the light helium isotopes are prone to leakage from fluid inclusions in many geological environments (Stuart and Turner, 1992;Graupner et al, 2006;Kendrick et al, 2011b).…”

Section: Post-entrapment He Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%