“…Access to the airport can be facilitated by new road or rail services, which may be local via a subway line, such as in Bangkok, Hong Kong (Airport express) (Budge-Reid, 1999), Kansai, Kuala Lumpur, CDG-Roissy (RER B line), San Francisco (BART), Atlanta (MARTA), Chicago O'Hare, Shanghai Pudong by maglev service (Fu et al, 2017), Singapore (Phang, 2003) and longer distance by high-speed train (Navarre, 2003b), in CDG-Roissy, Amsterdam Schiphol, Brussels Zaventem, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt (Eichinger, 2007), Lyons or Shanghai Hongqiao (Chen and Lin, 2015). This rail service, now provided in 86 of the world's 100 largest airports, seems to be an increased factor in the competitiveness of metropolitan areas (Murakami et al, 2016).…”