The nominal group as a research instrument for exploratory health studies.

Ven, Andrew H. Van de; Delbecq, André L.

doi:10.2105/ajph.62.3.337

Cited by 472 publications

(365 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…After each participant had been given a chance to post their first three or four statements, the process was repeated until all participants had placed all their notes on the board. No discussion or evaluation of the value statements was made during this time, although participants were encouraged to "hitch-hike" on other people's ideas by presenting related but new ideas when their turn came (Van de Ven & Delbecq, 1972 During a break, the three researchers and one participant gave a tentative one-or two-word name to each of the categories created on the white board. Following the break, the categories were systemically discussed as the participants worked toward agreement on a one-sentence working definition for each of the categories.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Framework for Linking Culture and Improvement Initiatives in Organizations

Detert

Schroeder

Mauriel

2000

AMR

593

364

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We present a synthesis of the general dimensions of organizational culture used most commonly in extant research and outline how these general dimensions correspond to the specific values and beliefs underlying total quality management (TQM) practice (a comprehensive change initiative). We argue that the relationship between culture and implementation of new behaviors and practices has not been adequately explored because of the lack of a comprehensive framework for defining and measuring organizational cultures. Our framework presents a necessary step in moving toward culture as a useful explanatory concept in organizational research.The one common denominator that led to failure in all of our previous quality efforts [prior to the mid 1980s] was that we did not change the culture or the environment in which all these tools and processes were being used. We had a "flavor of the month" mentality (Sam Malone, Worldwide Marketing Manager at Xerox Quality Solutions; quoted in Brennan, 1994: 36).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Framework for Linking Culture and Improvement Initiatives in Organizations

Detert

Schroeder

Mauriel

2000

AMR

593

364

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“…Thus, the process followed was a little more fluid than is generally prescribed. Consistent with the purpose of this research, the resulting data are of an exploratory nature, and provide a foundation for further testing and validation (Jones & Hunter 1995;van de Ven & Delbecq 1972). Recordings of the group discussions were transcribed verbatim prior to data analysis commencing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Electronic Gaming Machine Characteristics: It’s the Little Things That Count

Landon

Preez

Page

et al. 2016

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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A range of gamblers, from low-frequency social gamblers through to problem gamblers in treatment, participated in focus groups discussing the characteristics of Electronic Gaming Machines (EGMs) that they found attractive. Analyses of the resulting transcripts resulted in two groups of EGM characteristics being identified as important, one group associated with winning and one with betting. Overall, free spin features were identified in all groups as the most attractive characteristic of EGMS. Beyond that it was smaller win-related characteristics, and low-denomination machines with multiple playable lines that were associated with increased duration and intensity of gambling behaviour. The important characteristics were consistent across different levels of gamblers, with the key behavioural difference being a self-reported 'expertise', and 'strategic' approach to gambling amongst higher-frequency gamblers and problem gamblers in treatment. The key characteristics all occur frequently and result in more wins and extended gambling sessions. The patterns identified resonated with established behavioural principles, and with models describing the development of problem gambling and addictions more generally.Keywords: gambling, problem gambling, electronic gaming machines, game characteristics, qualitative Electronic gaming machine characteristics: It's the little things that countThe core characteristic underlying Electronic Gaming Machines (EGMs) is a variation on a simple schedule of reinforcement, a variable-or random-ratio schedule (Skinner, 1953;Ferster & Skinner, 1957). In their simplest form, variable-ratio schedules specify that a reinforcer (in the case of EGMs, a win or related characteristic) is delivered after an average number of responses (plays). These schedules reliably create a very high and consistent rate of responding. This pattern of behaviour is very robust, and most importantly resistant to extinction (i.e., the behaviour persists for very long periods in the absence of any payout) or other independent variables/interventions. However, the schedules underlying EGMs are more complex than those used in basic research (e.g., Griffiths, 1993). EGMs have programmed variations to the payout magnitude, with large jackpots, much more frequent very-small wins, and characteristics such as freespins. Multiple playable lines add yet another dimension that can affect EGM outcomes and gambler behaviour (e.g., Harrigan, Dixon, & Brown, 2015;Jensen, Dixon, Harrigan, Sheepy, Fugelsang, & Jarick, 2013;Templeton, Dixon, Harrigan, & Fugelsang, 2015). These more sophisticated variants of simple schedules add additional levels of complexity to the behaviour of both EGMs and gamblers, likely meaning very high rates of gambler behaviour that is very resistant to intervention. In the gambling context, this means gamblers are likely to spend more time and money in any given gambling session than they initially intended. Delfabbro and Winefield (1999) used a similar methodology to observe a sample of regular a...

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“…A formal consensus development method drawing on Nominal Group Technique (NGT) [87] will be used. The NGT follows explicit steps that can be replicated, is commonly used and is a feasible and reliable technique for ranking sets of proposals [88].…”

Section: Consensus Development Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Theory-Inspired to Theory-Based Interventions: A Protocol for Developing and Testing a Methodology for Linking Behaviour Change Techniques to Theoretical Mechanisms of Action

Michie

Carey

Johnston

et al. 2017

Annals of Behavioral Medicine

379

312

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Background Understanding links between behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and mechanisms of action (the processes through which they affect behaviour) helps inform the systematic development of behaviour change interventions. Purpose This research aims to develop and test a methodology for linking BCTs to their mechanisms of action. Methods Study 1 (published explicit links): Hypothesised links between 93 BCTs (from the 93-item BCT taxonomy, BCTTv1) and mechanisms of action will be identified from published interventions and their frequency, explicitness and precision documented. Study 2 (expert-agreed explicit links): Behaviour change experts will identify links between 61 BCTs and 26 mechanisms of action in a formal consensus study. Study 3 (integrated matrix of explicit links): Agreement between studies 1 and 2 will be evaluated and a new group of experts will discuss discrepancies. An integrated matrix of BCT-mechanism of action links, annotated to indicate strength of evidence, will be generated. Study 4 (published implicit links): To determine whether groups of co-occurring BCTs can be linked to theories, we will identify groups of BCTs that are used together from the study 1 literature. A consensus exercise will be used to rate strength of links between groups of BCT and theories. Conclusions A formal methodology for linking BCTs to their hypothesised mechanisms of action can contribute to the development and evaluation of behaviour change interventions. This research is a step towards developing a behaviour change 'ontology', specifying relations between BCTs, mechanisms of action, modes of delivery, populations, settings and types of behaviour.

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The nominal group as a research instrument for exploratory health studies.

Cited by 472 publications

References 15 publications

A Framework for Linking Culture and Improvement Initiatives in Organizations

A Framework for Linking Culture and Improvement Initiatives in Organizations

Electronic Gaming Machine Characteristics: It’s the Little Things That Count

From Theory-Inspired to Theory-Based Interventions: A Protocol for Developing and Testing a Methodology for Linking Behaviour Change Techniques to Theoretical Mechanisms of Action

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