The Non-Pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum Fo47 Induces Distinct Responses in Two Closely Related Solanaceae Plants against the Pathogen Verticillium dahliae

Veloso, Javier; Dı́az, José

doi:10.3390/jof7050344

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In general, most Fusarium sp. are pathogenic to plants; however, some endophytic Fusarium species has been reported as effective biocontrol agents against pathogens by inducing systemic resistance, competing for nutrients, or producing bioactive metabolites such as polyketides, alkaloids, terpenes, peptides, and steroids [24][25][26]. To date, there are no studies on the application of Fusicolla violacea for biological control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Activity and Biocontrol Mechanism of Fusicolla violacea J-1 against Soft Rot in Kiwifruit Caused by Alternaria alternata

Long

et al. 2021

JoF

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Alternaria alternata is the main pathogenic species of various crops, including kiwifruit (Actinidia cinensis). In this study, an antagonistic fungus, J-1, with high antifungal activity against A. alternata was isolated from A. cinensis “Hongyang.” The strain J-1 was identified as Fusicolla violacea via morphological identification and DNA sequencing. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity and potential mechanism of the strain J-1 against A. alternata. The strain J-1 exhibited antifungal activity against A. alternata, with an inhibition rate of 66.1% in vitro. Aseptic filtrate (AF) produced by the strain J-1 could suppress the mycelial growth and conidia germination of A. alternata at the inhibition rates of 66.8% and 80%, respectively, as well as suppress the spread of Alternaria rot in fresh kiwifruit. We observed that many clusters of spherical protrusions appeared at the mycelial tips of A. alternata after treatment with 200 mL L−1 AF of J-1. Scanning electron microscopy analysis results showed that the mycelial structures were bent and/or malformed and the surfaces were rough and protuberant. Variations in temperature, pH, and storage time had little effect on the antifungal activity of the AF. Moreover, the AF could damage the integrity of cell membranes and cause intracellular content leakage. Meanwhile, the chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase enzyme activities increased significantly, indicating that the function of A. alternata cell wall was seriously injured. Eleven antimicrobial metabolites were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The strain J-I and its AF exhibited well broad-spectrum antifungal activity against Diaporthe eres, Epicoccum sorghinum, Fusarium graminearum, Phomopsis sp., and Botryosphaeria dothidea, with inhibition rates ranging from 34.4% to 75.1% and 42.7% to 75.2%, respectively. Fusicolla violacea J-1 is a potential biocontrol agent against A. alternata and other fungal phytopathogens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Activity and Biocontrol Mechanism of Fusicolla violacea J-1 against Soft Rot in Kiwifruit Caused by Alternaria alternata

Long

et al. 2021

JoF

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“…This could be a consequence of a significant decrease in the mRNA level of genes involved in hemicellulose biosynthesis at all analyzed time points. Similarly, the down-regulated xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XTH3) gene involved in hemicellulose rearrangement was observed in both pepper and tomato after Fo47 induction ( Veloso and Díaz, 2021 ). However, transcriptome analysis of soybean roots to colonization with the root endophytic fungus P. indica reveals upregulated genes with potential roles in cell wall remodeling included a xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase 32 family gene ( Bajaj et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytic non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum reorganizes the cell wall in flax seedlings

Wojtasik,

Dymińska,

Hanuza

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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IntroductionFlax (Linum usitatissimum) is a crop producing valuable products like seeds and fiber. However, its cultivation faces challenges from environmental stress factors and significant yield losses due to fungal infections. The major threat is Fusarium oxysporum f.sp lini, causing fusarium wilt of flax. Interestingly, within the Fusarium family, there are non-pathogenic strains known as biocontrols, which protect plants from infections caused by pathogenic strains. When exposed to a non-pathogenic strain, flax exhibits defense responses similar to those seen during pathogenic infections. This sensitization process activates immune reactions, preparing the plant to better combat potential pathogenic strains. The plant cell wall is crucial for defending against pathogens. It serves as the primary barrier, blocking pathogen entry into plant cellsMethodsThe aim of the study was to investigate the effects of treating flax with a non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strain, focusing on cell wall remodeling. The infection’s progress was monitored by determining the fungal DNA content and microscopic observation. The plant defense response was confirmed by an increase in the level of Pathogenesis-Related (PR) genes transcripts. The reorganization of flax cell wall during non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strain infection was examined using Infrared spectroscopy (IR), determination of cell wall polymer content, and analysis of mRNA level of genes involved in their metabolism.Results and discussionIR analysis revealed reduced cellulose content in flax seedlings after treatment with Fo47 and that the cellulose chains were shorter and more loosely bound. Hemicellulose content was also reduced but only after 12h and 36h. The total pectin content remained unchanged, while the relative share of simple sugars and uronic acids in the pectin fractions changed over time. In addition, a dynamic change in the level of methylesterification of carboxyl groups of pectin was observed in flax seedlings treated with Fo47 compared to untreated seedlings. The increase in lignin content was observed only 48 hours after the treatment with non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum. Analysis of mRNA levels of cell wall polymer metabolism genes showed significant changes over time in all analyzed genes. In conclusion, the research suggests that the rearrangement of the cell wall is likely one of the mechanisms behind flax sensitization by the non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strain. Understanding these processes could help in developing strategies to enhance flax’s resistance to fusarium wilt and improve its overall yield and quality.

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“…Endophyte-mediated resistance against plant pathogens is generated in plant hosts as a result of endophyte antagonism against pathogens [ 166 , 167 , 168 ], increased nutrient availability to the host [ 169 , 170 ], endophyte-produced antimicrobial compounds [ 171 , 172 ] and the induction of plant-produced defense compounds through effectors that modulate phytohormone pathways involved in ISR [ 173 , 174 , 175 ]. Interestingly, some endophytic effectors induce the expression of defense genes conferring protection to plants against pathogens [ 176 ] or regulate the expression of pathogen effectors to the benefit of the host [ 177 ]. Endophyte effectors associated with ISR are listed in Table 2 , along with other common endophyte effector functions in plant interactions.…”

Section: Effectors and Plant Defensementioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Effectors: Key Determinants in Plant Health and Disease

et al. 2022

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Effectors are small, secreted molecules that alter host cell structure and function, thereby facilitating infection or triggering a defense response. Effectoromics studies have focused on effectors in plant–pathogen interactions, where their contributions to virulence are determined in the plant host, i.e., whether the effector induces resistance or susceptibility to plant disease. Effector molecules from plant pathogenic microorganisms such as fungi, oomycetes and bacteria are major disease determinants. Interestingly, the effectors of non-pathogenic plant organisms such as endophytes display similar functions but have different outcomes for plant health. Endophyte effectors commonly aid in the establishment of mutualistic interactions with the plant and contribute to plant health through the induction of systemic resistance against pathogens, while pathogenic effectors mainly debilitate the plant’s immune response, resulting in the establishment of disease. Effectors of plant pathogens as well as plant endophytes are tools to be considered in effectoromics for the development of novel strategies for disease management. This review aims to present effectors in their roles as promotors of health or disease for the plant host.

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The Non-Pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum Fo47 Induces Distinct Responses in Two Closely Related Solanaceae Plants against the Pathogen Verticillium dahliae

Cited by 6 publications

References 52 publications

Antifungal Activity and Biocontrol Mechanism of Fusicolla violacea J-1 against Soft Rot in Kiwifruit Caused by Alternaria alternata

Antifungal Activity and Biocontrol Mechanism of Fusicolla violacea J-1 against Soft Rot in Kiwifruit Caused by Alternaria alternata

Endophytic non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum reorganizes the cell wall in flax seedlings

Microbial Effectors: Key Determinants in Plant Health and Disease

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