The non-thermal biological effects and mechanisms of microwave exposure

Zhao, X.; Dong, G.; Wang, C.

doi:10.52547/ijrr.19.3.483

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…A current and commercially available mobile phone from a leading brand manufacturer with a SAR value of 0.76 W/ kg was used. No distinction was made between thermal and non-thermal radiation, because both are also present in reality when making a call and have an impact on the human body and systemic health [15][16][17].…”

Section: Mobile Phonementioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Qi-Shield on the Regeneration of Cultured Connective Tissue Fibroblasts after Mobile Phone Radiation – A Study Using Continuous Monitoring by Video Micrography

Dartsch¹

2022

App Cell Biol

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Background: Mobile phones are high performance devices that consume a lot of energy and also generate heat in form of microwaves. This heat is mainly created by the high frequency electromagnetic fields that transmit voice or data in mobile communications. Moreover, mobile phones also possess non-thermal radiation which has been shown to induce oxidative stress and molecular and cellular damage. Material and methods: In this study not only the dynamic process of cellular damage following oxidative stress from the radiation of an actively transmitting mobile phone was investigated, but also a device named Qi-Shield, which claims to protect from the adverse effects of a mobile phone & WLAN radiation at realistic conditions. The regeneration process of cultured connective tissue cells (cell line L-929) which results in the closure of an artificial cell-free area by cell proliferation and migration, was used for continuous video micrography evaluation for more than 60 hours. Three different experimental approaches were conducted: (1) Regeneration of untreated control cells; (2) Regeneration of unprotected cells after 4 hours of mobile phone radiation; (3) Regeneration of Qi-Shield protected cells after 4 hours of mobile phone radiation. For definite time points during the regeneration process the residual cell-free area was examined by a specialized software with artificial intelligence. Four independent experiments over a period of four weeks were conducted. Results and conclusions: A quite consistent cell reaction for the three different experimental approaches was observed in all experiments. The unexposed control cells showed a nearly linear reduction of the cell-free area with a time point of closure at 50 hours. The unprotected cells after mobile phone exposure also showed a roughly linear reduction of the cell-free area, but its magnitude was significantly lower and did not result in any closure of the cell-free area. The cells protected by Qi-Shield behaved very close to the unexposed cells, although a closure of the cell-free area within 60 hours of regeneration was only observed in two of four experiments. When calculating a relation between the values at 50 hours of regeneration by setting the value for the reduction of unexposed control cells as 100 %, a reduction value of 22 % was obtained for the unprotected cells, but 82.7 % for the Qi-Shield protected cells. Therefore, Qi-Shield was able to protect cells from the adverse effects of mobile phone & WLAN radiation by more than 82 %. The results clearly demonstrate the different dynamic reactions of connective tissue cells after mobile phone radiation and the successful use of Qi-Shield to reduce adverse cellular effects. Keywords: Mobile phone radiation; Oxidative stress; Fibroblast; L-929; Cell regeneration; Cell culture

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Section: Mobile Phonementioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Qi-Shield on the Regeneration of Cultured Connective Tissue Fibroblasts after Mobile Phone Radiation – A Study Using Continuous Monitoring by Video Micrography

Dartsch¹

2022

App Cell Biol

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“…When comparing the research works that report thermal outcomes with those reporting nonthermal outcomes in terms of temperature control techniques, thermal fluctuations, and stirring techniques for the suspension (Nakouti et al, 2017; Redlarski et al, 2015; Rougier et al, 2014; Saffer & Profenno, 1992), this division seems inconsistent and more complex than just no alteration in temperature. Besides, lack of knowledge of the mechanism of nonthermal bioeffects adds to the complexity in their comprehension (Zhao et al, 2021). Provided that the plausible health effects of EMF are taken into account properly, its many applications will be rated as significant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review on cellular responses of Escherichia coli to nonthermal electromagnetic irradiation

Askaripour,

Żak

2023

Bioelectromagnetics

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Investigation of Escherichia coli under electromagnetic fields is of significance in human studies owing to its short doubling time and human‐like DNA mechanisms. The present review aims to systematically evaluate the literature to conclude causality between 0 and 300 GHz electromagnetic fields and biological effects in E. coli. To that end, the OHAT methodology and risk of bias tool were employed. Exponentially growing cells exposed for over 30 min at temperatures up to with fluctuations below were included from the Web‐of‐Knowledge, PubMed, or EMF‐Portal databases. Out of 904 records identified, 25 articles satisfied the selection criteria, with four excluded during internal validation. These articles examined cell growth (11 studies), morphology (three studies), and gene regulation (11 studies). Most experiments (85%) in the included studies focused on the extremely low‐frequency (ELF) range, with 60% specifically at 50 Hz. Changes in growth rate were observed in 74% of ELF experiments and 71% of radio frequency (RF) experiments. Additionally, 80% of ELF experiments showed morphology changes, while gene expression changes were seen in 33% (ELF) and 50% (RF) experiments. Due to the limited number of studies, especially in the intermediate frequency and RF ranges, establishing correlations between EMF exposure and biological effects on E. coli is not possible.

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“…Furthermore, EMR exposure increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels inside of tissues [ 40 ], leading to macromolecular changes, including DNA/RNA and proteins. This induced oxidative stress increases malondialdehyde, leading to membrane lipid injury, and a reduced glutathione concentration, which plays a key defensive role against various diseases [ 41 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Radiation and the Brain: Mechanisms, Current Status, and Future Prospects

Mumtaz

Rana

Choi

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Modern humanity wades daily through various radiations, resulting in frequent exposure and causing potentially important biological effects. Among them, the brain is the organ most sensitive to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exposure. Despite numerous correlated studies, critical unknowns surround the different parameters used, including operational frequency, power density (i.e., energy dose), and irradiation time that could permit reproducibility and comparability between analyses. Furthermore, the interactions of EMR with biological systems and its precise mechanisms remain poorly characterized. In this review, recent approaches examining the effects of microwave radiations on the brain, specifically learning and memory capabilities, as well as the mechanisms of brain dysfunction with exposure as reported in the literature, are analyzed and interpreted to provide prospective views for future research directed at this important and novel medical technology for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies on brain degeneration caused by microwave radiation. Additionally, the interactions of microwaves with biological systems and possible mechanisms are presented in this review. Treatment with natural products and safe techniques to reduce harm to organs have become essential components of daily life, and some promising techniques to treat cancers and their radioprotective effects are summarized as well. This review can serve as a platform for researchers to understand the mechanism and interactions of microwave radiation with biological systems, the present scenario, and prospects for future studies on the effect of microwaves on the brain.

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The non-thermal biological effects and mechanisms of microwave exposure

Cited by 14 publications

References 51 publications

Protective Effect of Qi-Shield on the Regeneration of Cultured Connective Tissue Fibroblasts after Mobile Phone Radiation – A Study Using Continuous Monitoring by Video Micrography

Protective Effect of Qi-Shield on the Regeneration of Cultured Connective Tissue Fibroblasts after Mobile Phone Radiation – A Study Using Continuous Monitoring by Video Micrography

A systematic review on cellular responses of Escherichia coli to nonthermal electromagnetic irradiation

Microwave Radiation and the Brain: Mechanisms, Current Status, and Future Prospects

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