The nonlinear effects of sound in a liquid with relaxation losses

Abstract

The nonlinear effects of sound in electrolyte with a chemical reaction are examined. The dynamic equations that govern non-wave modes in the field of intense sound are derived, and acoustic forces of vortex, entropy, and relaxation modes are determined in the cases of low-frequency sound and high-frequency sound. The difference in the nonlinear effects of sound in electrolyte and in a gas with excited vibrational degrees of molecules, are specified and discussed.

Relations between magnetosonic perturbations as an indicator of a magnetosonic exciter and equilibrium parameters of a plasma

“…It has been discussed in Reference [9] and have much in common with hysteretic phenomena in other flows which may be acoustically active. [ 4,5,8 ]…”

“…[ 1,2 ] Similar loops appear in a variation of pressure ⇔ variation of density diagrams in the thermoconducting fluid flows. [ 3–5 ] Hedberg, Rudenko probably were the first who pointed out the importance of hysteretic diagrams in the fluid flows with various damping mechanisms. In this study, we include into consideration the links of components of velocity and prove their applicability to indicate the equilibrium properties of plasma and conditions of a flow on a par with the pressure ⇔ density graphs.…”

Archives of Acoustics

“…We mainly consider the rightwards propagating sound as the dominant mode in this study. Equations ( 9) and (10) are PDE equations which contain the first order derivatives with respect to time and account for nonlinearity and attenuation in the "forces" of interaction. They require two initial conditions (11) (or maybe non zero ones) for every secondary mode individually.…”

“…In a three dimensional flow, there are five modes in general: two acoustic, two vortex, and one entropy mode (Chu, Kovasznay, 1958; Pierce, 2019). Involving in consideration relaxation processes, ionised media, multi-phase flows, boundaries may increase the number of modes and make their definition fairly difficult (Leble, Perelomova, 2018;Perelomova, 2015;2018). In spite of this, the procedure of definition is algorithmic in all cases, that is, it consists of a certain sequence of actions.…”