The nonmedical use of pain relievers among African-Americans: a test of primary socialization theory

Culturally relevant risk and protective factors for nonmedical use of prescription opioids among incarcerated African American men

“…In addition, men who had close personal relationships with their fathers were 51% less likely to engage in NMUPO compared to those who did not. This is consistent with previous findings on the influence of family bonds (Monnat & Rigg, 2015; Nicholson et al, 2016). Further, men who had immediate family members who engaged in prescription drug misuse were nearly seven times more likely to also engage in NMUPO.…”

“…Originally depicted as a predominately “White” problem (Netherland & Hansen, 2017), recent literature suggests that nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) among African Americans has increased over time (Pouget, Fong, & Rosenblum, 2018) and may now be similar to rates among Whites (Wang, Becker, Fiellin, 2013; Ford & Rigg, 2015; McCabe, West, & Boyd, 2013). However, few studies have begun to examine correlates of prescription opioid misuse among African Americans (Nicholson & Ford, 2018; Nicholson & Vincent, 2018; Harrell & Broman, 2009; Ford & Rigg, 2015; Vaughn, Nelson, Salas-Wright, Qian, & Schootman, 2015; Nicholson, Dawson-Edwards, Higgins, & Walton, 2016; Oberleitner et al, 2018). Further, recent evidence suggests that incarcerated African American men in particular demonstrate high rates of prescription opioid misuse (Wheeler, Stevens-Watkins, Knighton, Mahaffey, & Lewis, 2018).…”

“…The literature demonstrates that strength of bonds with parents and family history of drug misuse relate to African American individuals’ prescription drug misuse. A study with an African American sample showed that adolescents who have stronger parental bonds are less likely to report NMUPO (Nicholson et al, 2016). Similarly, nationally representative data has demonstrated presence of both parents in the household and parental involvement are associated with decreased odds of reporting NMUPO (Monnat & Rigg, 2016).…”

Behavioral and Neural Aspects of the Spatial Processing of Conspecifics in the Electrosensory System

“…Several researchers have modelled the electrosensory image caused by a conspecific either fixed (Kelly, Babineau, Longtin, & Lewis, 2008) or approaching (Castelló, Aguilera, Trujillo-Cenóz, & Caputi, 2016; Gómez-Sena, Pedraja, Sanguinetti-Scheck, & Budelli, 2014) the focal fish. Despite being extremely valuable data, the studies typically have simplifications that make evaluating the strength of the input for all electroreceptors more difficult.…”

Behavioral and Neural Aspects of the Spatial Processing of Conspecifics in the Electrosensory System

“…dorsal receptors are nearly orthogonal to the nearby receptors on the side of the body). Several researchers have modelled the electrosensory image caused by a conspecific either fixed (Kelly, Babineau, Longtin, & Lewis, 2008) or approaching (Castelló, Aguilera, Trujillo-Cenóz, & Caputi, 2016; Gómez-Sena, Pedraja, Sanguinetti-Scheck, & Budelli, 2014) the focal fish. Despite being extremely valuable data, the studies were limited to a 2D plane and the sensory surface was represented as a linear array of receptors with the same orientation.…”