The Norepinephrine Transporter Inhibitor Reboxetine Reduces Stimulant Effects of MDMA (“Ecstasy”) in Humans

Hysek, Cédric M.; Simmler, Linda D.; Ineichen, M.; Grouzmann, Eric; Hoener, Marius C.; Brenneisen, Rudolf; Huwyler, Jörg; Liechti, M.E.

doi:10.1038/clpt.2011.78

Cited by 140 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Overall, the cardiostimulant effects of LSD were moderate and smaller than those seen with empathogens and stimulants (29). The LSD-induced increase in epinephrine levels in the present study was similar to the effect produced by MDMA (78).…”

Section: Autonomic and Endocrine Effectssupporting

confidence: 69%

Acute Effects of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide in Healthy Subjects

Schmid¹,

Enzler²,

Gasser

et al. 2015

Biological Psychiatry

364

439

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Section: Autonomic and Endocrine Effectssupporting

confidence: 69%

Acute Effects of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide in Healthy Subjects

Schmid¹,

Enzler²,

Gasser

et al. 2015

Biological Psychiatry

364

439

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“…Furthermore, sample amount used for measurements could be further downscaled and costs for eluents required for LC-MS analysis could be omitted. MDA was detected in samples collected 3 h after administration at a time corresponding to the maximal plasma exposure of MDMA (Hysek et al, 2014a) and when MDA levels close to maximum are already reached (Hysek et al, 2011). Samples collected at the time of intake (t=0h) and 24 h after administration were negative for MDA.…”

Section: Study Results Oral Fluidmentioning

confidence: 97%

Development of a high‐speed MALDI‐triple quadrupole mass spectrometric method for the determination of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in oral fluid

Poetzsch

Steuer

Hysek

et al. 2015

Drug Testing and Analysis

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This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Poetzsch, M., Steuer, A. E., Hysek, C. M., Liechti, M. E., and Kraemer, T. (2016) Development of a high-speed MALDI-triple quadrupole mass spectrometric method for the determination of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in oral fluid. Drug Test. Analysis,, which has been published in final form at dx.doi.org/10.1002/ dta.1810. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.2 Abstract 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) still is a widely used illicit designer drug and its detection in different matrices is of major importance for forensic purposes (e.g. driving under the influence) as well as for work place drug testing or abstinence control.Established analytical methods for the determination of MDMA are mainly employing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometric detection. MALDI-QqQ-MS/MS is so far rarely used and offers an ultrafast high throughput platform. The Quantisal™ Oral Fluid Collection Device was used for sample collection. After addition of the deuterated internal standard and a carbonate buffer (0.75 M Na 2 CO 3 ), oral fluid samples were liquid-liquid extracted (ButOAc/EtOAc, 1:1). As little as 1 microliter of a mixture of this extract and the MALDI matrix (alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) was spotted onto the MALDI plate and could directly be analyzed.With MALDI omitting chromatographic separation, very short analysis times of about 10 seconds per sample were possible. The method was developed and validated according to international guidelines including specificity, recovery, matrix effects, accuracy and precision, stabilities and limit of quantification. All validation criteria were fulfilled except for ion suppression/enhancement. Comparison with a routine LC-MS/MS method showed good agreement of the results. Applicability of the method was shown by analyzing about 250 oral fluid samples collected after controlled administration of 125 mg MDMA in a pharmacokinetic study. The whole lot of samples could be analyzed in less than one hour, proving the ultra-high speed of the method.

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“…18 El aumento de norepinefrina explica en parte los efectos simpaticomiméticos sobre el cerebro y el sistema cardiovascular ya que la administración de reboxetina, inhibidor selectivo del NET, reduce los efectos de MDMA y catilonas sobre el aumento de la presión arterial y la frecuencia cardíaca, además de atenuar la euforia subjetiva y la excitación emocional. 19 Al aumentar la actividad de la hormona antidiurética (HAD), produce hiponatremia e hipo-osmolaridad. El consumo agudo de metilona, sumado al estrés físico y mental que induce esta sustancia, produce activación del eje hipotá-lamo-hipofiso-adrenal (HHA).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Cetoacidosis diabética asociada al consumo agudo de metilona en un paciente masculino de 21 años

Azcurra

2015

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Use of methylone has risen recently, traded as a legal substitute of classic drugs, mimicking its effects. Actually it has been banned in European and American markets. The case of ketoacydotic diabetes complicated with the acute consumption of methylone is described in a 21 years' caucasic insulin dependent male. After the ingestion of 3 capsules during a party, he presents during the dawn of January, 18 th of 2012, to a Buenos Aires State suburban Hospital emergency department (Argentina). He refers having experienced dizziness, vomiting and somnolence, with ketotic breath, dehydration, high heart and breath rates and hypertermia. Lab exams showed metabolic acidosis and on the toxicologic analysis methylone level of 0.09 mg/dl was found. Patient was treated in an ICU with fluid reposition, volume restriction, insulin and potassium. Remission occurred after 48 hours. Mechanisms of action suggested include serotoninergic and noradrenergic effects and antidiuretic hormone release, which in term produce dehydration, lypolisis and ketotic bodies raise with acidosis greater than expected for hyperglicemia. ConclusionsIn this case an association between acute use of methylone and ketoacidotic diabetes was found. Epidemiologic surveillance and education about potential risks of methylone use in young people are suggested, especially those who are predisposed to developing ketoacydotic diabetes.

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The Norepinephrine Transporter Inhibitor Reboxetine Reduces Stimulant Effects of MDMA (“Ecstasy”) in Humans

Cited by 140 publications

References 42 publications

Acute Effects of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide in Healthy Subjects

Acute Effects of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide in Healthy Subjects

Development of a high‐speed MALDI‐triple quadrupole mass spectrometric method for the determination of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in oral fluid

Cetoacidosis diabética asociada al consumo agudo de metilona en un paciente masculino de 21 años

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