The Normal Borders of the Liver in Infancy and Childhood: Clinical and X-ray Study

Abstract

Deligeorgis, D., Yannakos, D., Panayotou, P., and Doxiadis, S. (1970). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 45, 702. The normal borders of the liver in infancy and childhood. Clinical and x-ray study. In 365 healthy infants and children the normal range of the liver borders was defined by clinical and x-ray examination. It was found that in supine position and at the end of expiration the liver edge projects considerably below the costal margin in newborns and infants, and as the age increases the liver edge approaches the costal margin. In a considerable number of infants up to 6 months, the liver edge projects 3*0 to 3-5 cm. In children 10 to 16 years, the liver edge usually projects no more than 1 cm., though in occasional cases as much as 2 cm. below the costal margin. The clinical and x-ray examinations were in agreement in 95% of the cases.

Normal values of liver and spleen size by ultrasonography in Indian children

“…The measurement of spleen length was the optically maximal distance at the hilum on the longitudinal coronal view (between the most supero-medial and the most infero-lateral points) as the spleen length at the hilum is considered the most reproducible linear measurement (10). The liver length was measured with the child in supine position and the section level along the MCL was determined by simultaneous demonstration of the right kidney as per standard methodology (11).…”

Hepatometria ultra-sonográfica em crianças: proposta de novo método

“…Para melhor avaliação clínica, é proposto mensurar o comprimento hepático ("liver span") na linha hemiclavicular, ou seja, a distância entre as superfícies hepáticas superior e inferior, determinadas pelo método da percussão (6,12) ou percussãopalpação (4,5,7,13) .…”

“…Estudos de mensuração hepática têm sido realizados em adultos e crianças, utilizando-se radiografia (13,(17)(18)(19) , cintilografia (1,3,14,20,21) , tomografia computadorizada (22) e ultra-sonografia (9,10,(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41) .…”

Normal size of liver in infancy and childhood: X-ray study

“…In the first part of our study (Deligeorgis et al, 1970) we defined the upper and lower borders of the liver in 350 healthy children, between birth and 16 years, by percussion and palpation. It was found that in the supine position and at the end of expiration the liver may project below the costal margin as much as 3 5 cm, the projection decreasing with age.…”