The North American Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Parasitizing Certain Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) on Apple and Pear, with ITS2 DNA Characterizations and Description of a New Species

Pinto, John D.; Koopmanschap, A.B.; Platner, G. R.; Stouthamer, Richard

doi:10.1006/bcon.2001.0995

Cited by 50 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Recentemente, Monteiro et al (2004), também relataram o parasitismo de T. pretiosum em posturas do mesmo lepidóptero em pomares comerciais de maçã de Fraiburgo, SC. Na América do Norte, Pinto et al (2002) mencionaram o parasitismo de T. pretiosum em posturas de Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), outro importante lepidóptero-praga da cultura no Brasil.…”

Section: Palavras-chave: Insecta Parasitóide De Ovos Pesticida Malunclassified

Susceptibilidade de adultos de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) a fungicidas utilizados no controle de doenças da macieira

Manzoni¹,

Grützmacher²,

Giolo³

et al. 2006

Neotrop. Entomol.

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-This study evaluated the susceptibility under laboratory conditions of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley adults to fungicides recommended by the Integrated Production of Apple (IPA). The bioassays were carried out using the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC), West Palearctic Regional Section (WPRS) standard protocols. Twelve selected fungicides were studied in the doses (g or ml active ingredient/100 L) captan 1 (0.115), captan 2 (0.120), kresoxim-methyl (0.010), sulphur 1 (AG) (0.480), sulphur 2 (0.480), folpet (0.105), mancozeb (0.160), pyraclostrobin (0.010), tebuconazole (0.010), tetraconazole (0.005), thiophanate-methyl (0.050) and triforine (0.024). Distilled water was used as the blank treatment and the insecticide triclorfon (0.150) as a positive control. The parasitoids were exposed to dry residues applied on glass plates. The reduction in the capacity of parasitism was used to measure the effect of the chemical in comparison to the blank treatment. Each treatment was replicated four times. The results allowed us to classify the fungicides tested in four categories: 1, harmless (< 30%); 2, slightly harmful (30-79%); 3, moderately harmful (80-99%); and 4, harmful (> 99%). 75% of the tested substances were classified as selective (classes 1 and 2) to the parasitoid. The fungicides captan 1, captan 2, kresoximmethyl, folpet, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl and triforine were harmless; mancozeb was slightly harmful; sulphur 1 (AG) and tetraconazole were moderately harmful and sulphur 2 was harmful. These findings should be taken into account when selecting fungicides to spray apple orchards against fungi diseases to preserve the egg parasitoid T. pretiosum.KEY WORDS: Insecta, egg parasitoid, pesticide, Malus domestica, Integrated Fruit Production RESUMO -Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a susceptibilidade em condições de laboratório de adultos do parasitóide de ovos Trichogramma pretiosum Riley a fungicidas utilizados na Produção Integrada da Maçã (PIM). Os bioensaios foram conduzidos utilizando-se protocolos padrões da Organização Internacional para o Controle Biológico (IOBC), Seção Regional Paleártica Oeste (WPRS). Foram testados doze fungicidas nas respectivas doses (g ou ml ingrediente ativo/100 L) captana 1 (0,115), captana 2 (0,120), cresoxim-metílico (0,010), enxofre 1 (AG) (0,480), enxofre 2 (0,480), folpete (0,105), mancozebe (0,160), piraclostrobina (0,010), tebuconazol (0,010), tetraconazol (0,005), tiofanato-metílico (0,050) e triforina (0,024). Adicionalmente, utilizou-se água destilada como testemunha negativa e o inseticida triclorfom (0,150) como testemunha positiva. Adultos do parasitóide foram expostos a resíduos dos tratamentos depositados sobre placas de vidro, sendo avaliadas as reduções no parasitismo em relação à testemunha (somente água). Cada tratamento teve quatro repetições. Os resultados permitiram classificar os fungicidas quanto ao impacto sobre os parasitóides em quatro classes: 1, inócuo (< 30%); 2, levemente nocivo (30-79%); 3, mod...

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Section: Palavras-chave: Insecta Parasitóide De Ovos Pesticida Malunclassified

Susceptibilidade de adultos de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) a fungicidas utilizados no controle de doenças da macieira

Manzoni¹,

Grützmacher²,

Giolo³

et al. 2006

Neotrop. Entomol.

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“…Despite the absence of males, identification of T. cacoeciae is straightforward using the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (Pinto et al, 2002). The emerged T. cacoeciae individuals were females, which were used to initiate isofemale lines.…”

Section: Segregation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetic mechanism and genetic consequences of thelytoky in the wasp Trichogramma cacoeciae

2004

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In Hymenoptera, complete parthenogenesis, that is thelytoky, is a common phenomenon where virgin females produce only daughters. Thelytoky is often induced by bacteria of the genus Wolbachia, but can also be genetically determined by the insect itself, as in the genus Trichogramma where both forms exist. In order to compare these two forms of thelytoky, chromosome behaviour analysis in young eggs and genetic analysis of microsatellite markers were carried out in the wasp Trichogramma cacoeciae, where thelytoky is genetically determined. Microscopic studies revealed that during female gamete formation meiotic cells undergo only a single equational division followed by the expulsion of a single polar body. This absence of meiotic recombination and reduction corresponds well with the high levels of heterozygosity observed in females collected from the field and a nonsegregation pattern in the offspring of heterozygous females. We therefore concluded that diploidy in T. cacoeciae is maintained through an apomictic cloning mechanism and that the incidence of thelytoky under genetic control of the wasp differs entirely from the mechanism induced by Wolbachia infection, where thelytoky is restored through gamete duplication.

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“…Uma alternativa a ser incorporada ao manejo integrado da grafolita e da lagarta-das-fruteiras, seria a utilização do parasitóide de ovos Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), que se destaca por parasitar ovos da grafolita (AFONSO, 2001;PINTO et al, 2002) e também da lagarta-das-fruteiras (BASSO et al, 1998). Ciênc.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Seletividade de produtos fitossanitários utilizados na cultura do pessegueiro a Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

et al. 2007

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RESUMOA seletividade de dez formulações comerciais de produtos fitossanitários utilizados na cultura do pessegueiro foi avaliada em laboratório (25±1 ºC, UR 70±10% e fotofase de 14 horas), através da exposição de adultos de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley a resíduos secos dos produtos pulverizados sobre placas de vidro. O número de ovos parasitados por fêmea, foi mensurado e a redução no parasitismo (RP), em relação à testemunha (água), foi utilizada para classificar os compostos em: inócuos (<30% RP), levemente nocivos (30-79% RP), moderadamente nocivos (80-99% RP) e nocivos (>99% RP). Os produtos fitossanitários captana, ditianona, mancozebe, metoxifenozida e óxido cuproso foram inócuos; glifosato e óleo mineral foram levemente nocivos e abamectina, cianamida e etofenproxi foram nocivos a T. pretiosum.Termos para indexação: Agrotóxicos, parasitóide de ovos, controle biológico, Prunus persica L. ABSTRACTThe selectivity of ten commercial pesticide formulations used in peach orchard was evaluated in laboratory tests (25±1 ºC, RH 70±10% and 14 hours photophase) by exposing the adult of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley to fresh dry pesticide film applied on glass plates. The number of eggs parasitized per adult female and the reduction in parasitism (RP) compared to control (treated with water) were used to measure the effect of the chemical in harmless (<30% RP), slightly harmful (30-79% RP), moderately harmful (80-99% RP) and harmful (>99% RP). The pesticides captan, copper oxide, dithianon, mancozeb and methoxyfenozide were harmless; gliphosate and mineral oil was slightly harmful and abamectin, cyanamide and etofenprox were harmful to T. pretiosum.

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The North American Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Parasitizing Certain Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) on Apple and Pear, with ITS2 DNA Characterizations and Description of a New Species

Cited by 50 publications

References 10 publications

Susceptibilidade de adultos de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) a fungicidas utilizados no controle de doenças da macieira

Susceptibilidade de adultos de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) a fungicidas utilizados no controle de doenças da macieira

Cytogenetic mechanism and genetic consequences of thelytoky in the wasp Trichogramma cacoeciae

Seletividade de produtos fitossanitários utilizados na cultura do pessegueiro a Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

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