The North Caucasus Region as a Blind Spot in the “European Green Deal”: Energy Supply Security and Energy Superpower Russia

Abstract

The “European Green Deal” has ambitious aims, such as net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. While the European Union aims to make its energies greener, Russia pursues power-goals based on its status as a geo-energy superpower. A successful “European Green Deal” would have the up-to-now underestimated geopolitical advantage of making the European Union less dependent on Russian hydrocarbons. In this article, we illustrate Russian power-politics and its geopolitical implications by analyzing the illustrative case of the North Caucasus, which has been traditionally a strategic region for Russia. The present article describes and analyses the impact of Russian intervention in the North Caucasian secessionist conflict since 1991 and its importance in terms of natural resources, especially hydrocarbons. The geopolitical power secured by Russia in the North Caucasian conflict has important implications for European Union’s energy supply security and could be regarded as a strong argument in favor of the “European Green Deal”.

Energy Security and Portfolio Diversification: Conventional and Novel Perspectives

“…Among the major energy-exporting countries, Russia demonstrates the most elaborate policy approach to energy security and security of demand in particular [30]. The Russian Federation's newly adopted doctrine of energy security [31] defines energy security as the condition that ensures protection of the nation's economy and population from the national security threats in the energy domain, implying that the consumers must be supplied with fuels and energy obeying the legislation of the Russian Federation, and the export contracts and the international obligations of the Russian Federation are fulfilled.…”

Impact of COVID-19 on listed European electricity companies: a comparative analysis of investment in renewable and traditional electricity

“…In Europe, renewables overtook fossil-fired electricity generation in 2020, which is an important achievement in Europe's Clean Energy Transition [1]. Analyzing the different types of energy is necessary JES 49,8 (Jiang et al, 2021), and this need is strategic in Europe where traditional and renewable energy models coexist (Peña-Ramos et al, 2020) and the bet of the European countries to the decarbonization of the electricity sector is evident. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic could be a catalyst for the change in European energy transition (Heffron et al, 2021).…”

“…Analyzing the different types of energy is necessary (Jiang et al. , 2021), and this need is strategic in Europe where traditional and renewable energy models coexist (Peña-Ramos et al. , 2020) and the bet of the European countries to the decarbonization of the electricity sector is evident.…”

“…Second, these countries are part of the Federation of European Securities Exchanges and thus face stringent compliance disclosure requirements, with the objective of establishing a Capital Markets Union. Third, studying the energy industry in Europe is necessary given the coexistence of traditional and renewable energy models; the European Union leads the way in the latter, but is still energy dependent, while the former is headed by countries such as Russia (Peña-Ramos et al, 2020). Finally, the European market was markedly more sensitive to the COVID-19 news, with a greater impact observed in terms of stock market volatility (Ambros et al, 2020).…”

Energy-efficient circulating pump in hydraulic circuit of solar collectors of hot-water systems

“…Климатические изменения, сопровождаемые возрастанием СО2 в атмосфере, сильная зависимость многих стран от импорта топлива и ограниченность запасов углеводородов [2] приводят к необходимости получения энергии из возобновляемых источников [3]. Странами Европейского союза принято решение («Европейская зеленая сделка») обеспечить к 2050 г. нулевые выбросы парниковых газов [4].…”