The northern Walker Lane refraction experiment: Pn arrivals and the northern Sierra Nevada root

Louie, John N.; Thelen, W. A.; Smith, Shane B.; Scott, James Brown; Clark, M.; Pullammanappallil, S.

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2004.07.042

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Dashed black and white lines indicate COCORP seismic reflection profiles [Allmendinger et al, 1987]; solid black lines indicate PASSCAL experiment [Catchings and Mooney, 1991], Wyoming Ruby profile [Stoerzel and Smithson, 1998], USGS profiles in northern CA [Zucca et al, 1986], Cascadia profiles [Trehu et al, 1994], and Mendocino profiles from Beaudoin et al [1996]. Short dashed black line shows profile of Hill and Pakiser [1976]; long dashed black line shows mine-blast profile of the University of Nevada, Reno [Louie et al, 2004]. Small blue circle near the intersection of the 1986 PASSCAL lines: their Shotpoint 4, described in text.…”

Section: Pre-40 Ma: East Of the Black Rock Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The best data come from the COCORP (Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling) 40°N deep seismic reflection profiles [e.g., Allmendinger et al, 1987;Klemperer et al, 1986] and the 1986 PASSCAL Basin and Range Lithospheric Seismic Experiment [e.g., Jarchow et al, 1993;Catchings and Mooney, 1991]. The COCORP and PASSCAL data are augmented by passive imaging of the eastern Basin and Range [Gilbert and Sheehan, 2004], refraction/ reflection imaging along the Ruby Mountains [Stoerzel and Smithson, 1998], and a coarse refraction survey across western Nevada and eastern California [Louie et al, 2004]. The crust varies in thickness from 34 km in central Nevada to $30 km at 40°N in northwestern Nevada and western Utah (Figure 1), and has been interpreted to be underlain by a high-velocity (V p $ 7.4 km/s) ''rift pillow'' [e.g., Catchings and Mooney, 1991] across much of northwestern Nevada.…”

Section: Geophysical Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crustal structure of the northwestern Basin and Range Province and its transition to unextended volcanic plateaus

Lerch¹,

Klemperer

Glen

et al. 2007

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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[1] The northwestern margin of the Basin and Range Province is characterized by a transition from lowmagnitude ($20%) extension in northwestern Nevada to relatively unextended volcanic plateaus in northeastern California. Seismic-velocity and potential-field modeling provides new control on the Mesozoic-to-present tectonic evolution of this poorly understood portion of the U.S. Cordillera. We document $20% crustal thinning associated with Basin and Range extension from a crustal thickness of $37 km under northeastern California to $31 km under northwestern Nevada that is consistent with the amount of extension recorded in the upper crust in northwestern Nevada, suggesting the crustal response to extension was relatively homogeneous over the entire crustal column. Our modeling also shows a welldefined, 80-km-wide zone of unusually low upper-crustal velocities ($5.9-6.1 km/s) that coincide with the surface location of sparse Cretaceous granites, locating the elusive northern extension of the Sierra Nevada batholith through northwestern Nevada for the first time in the subsurface. Combining geological and geophysical data, we reconstruct the late Cretaceous-to-present crustal evolution of this region, documenting an interplay between magmatic addition to the crust, erosional exhumation, sedimentation, and extension that has reversed the direction of crustal thinning from a west-facing continental margin to an east-facing interior basin margin over this time interval. Finally, we find no evidence in northwestern Nevada for unusually thick crust (>40 km) prior to Basin and Range extension.

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Section: Pre-40 Ma: East Of the Black Rock Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geophysical Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal structure of the northwestern Basin and Range Province and its transition to unextended volcanic plateaus

Lerch¹,

Klemperer

Glen

et al. 2007

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…Generally, local earthquakes have an impulsive P arrival and a distinct S arrival a few seconds later ( Figure 5A). The long ripple-fire technique used for blasting can cause an emergent P arrival, and the S arrival is usually difficult to identify ( Figure 5B; Harder and Keller 2000;Stump et al 2002;Louie et al 2004;USGS 2007). Localization of similar magnitude events can also indicate regions of routine blasting.…”

Section: Earthquakes Vs Blastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Colorado Seismicity from a Statewide Temporary Seismic Station Network

Monsalve

Viviano

Sheehan

2008

Seismological Research Letters

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“…For example, in the Sierra Nevada an inverse correlation between topography and crustal thickness is observed: The thickest crust is associated with the lowerelevation northern Sierra [Louie et al, 2004] and the thinnest crust is associated with the southern High Sierra [Zandt et al, 2004]. This reverse correlation is thought to be due to the loss of the dense eclogite root from beneath the southern Sierra [Zandt et al, 2004].…”

Section: The Southern Scandes Mountainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2008

EoS Transactions

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Tornadoes and other severe thunderstorm phenomena frequently cause as much annual property damage in the United States as do hurricanes, and often cause more fatalities (see http:// www .nws .noaa .gov/ om/ hazstats .shtml). In 2008, there were 2176 preliminary tornado reports logged through mid-December, with 1600 "actual counts" (duplicate reports removed) through September, the highest total in the past half century ( Figure 1). The mass media have covered these events extensively, and experts have been deluged with requests for explanations, including possible links to anthropogenic global warming. Although recent research has yielded insight into the connections between global warming and tornado and severe thunderstorm forcing, these relationships remain mostly unexplored, largely because of the challenges in observing and numerically simulating tornadoes. Indeed, a number of questions that have been answered for other climate-related phenomena remain particularly diffi cult for climate and severe weather scientists, including whether there are detectable trends in tornado occurrence and if so, what causes them. This article explores the challenges and opportunities in pursuing these areas of research. Tornado Trend DetectionThe number of tornadoes reported in the United States per year has been increasing steadily (~14 per year) over the past half century (Figure 2). However, determining whether this is a robust trend in tornado occurrence is diffi cult. In the United States, the historical record is both relatively short (with the offi cial collection of tornado reports beginning in the 1950s) and nonuniform in space and time [see Brooks and Dotzek, 2008]. Further, the observational record of tornadoes is based on a reporting system designed essentially for the verification of forecasts rather than for research-quality climate studies, meaning that maintaining consistency throughout the historical reporting record has not been a specific priority. Reliance on human reports leaves trends subject to external influences such as population growth, although some regions such as the southern Great Plains do not reflect the congruous long-term trends in tornado occurrence and population growth seen throughout the entire United States (Figure 2).Interestingly, the number of tornadoes classifi ed as the most damaging (rated F2-F5 on the Fujita scale) actually appears to have decreased over the past fi ve decades (Figure 2), although this trend could be spuriously infl uenced by "overrating" the severity of tornadoes in the fi rst half of the record [e.g., Verbout et al., 2006]. Trends in tornado intensity are further complicated by the fact that intensity is equated with a humanbased assessment of damage severity and is therefore modulated by the presence or absence of structures, vegetation, or other sources of debris. Other nonphysical factors infl uencing the tornado record include the organization of networks of volunteer "storm spotters," the enhancement of community education and awareness programs, develo...

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The northern Walker Lane refraction experiment: Pn arrivals and the northern Sierra Nevada root

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

Crustal structure of the northwestern Basin and Range Province and its transition to unextended volcanic plateaus

Crustal structure of the northwestern Basin and Range Province and its transition to unextended volcanic plateaus

An Assessment of Colorado Seismicity from a Statewide Temporary Seismic Station Network

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