The nose and throat in the history of medicine

Wright, Jonathan

doi:10.1288/00005537-190206000-00005

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Vapors, it was believed, passed from the nose across the cribriform plate to the brain. There they were transformed into catarrh, which leaked back across the plate into the nasal cavity and ultimately the lungs (90). This dogma persisted until the second half of the 17th century when Schneider and Lower independently showed that, although the cribriform bone was porous in skeletons, it was impermeable to liquids in vivo (43,62).…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Early studies of airway submucosal glands

Widdicombe

2019

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

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This historical article provides a comprehensive review of early research on the structure and function of airway submucosal glands. The literature before 1950 or so, is virtually unknown, but in addition to being of historical interest it contains much of relevance to current research. Airway glands were first mentioned in 1602. The first description of their general form, size, and distribution was in 1712. Gland morphology was determined in 1827 by injecting mercury into their openings. Wax was later used. Detailed comparative information for all regions of the tracheobronchial tree was provided by Frankenhauser in 1879 ( Untersuchungen uber den bau der Tracheo-Bronchial-Schleimhaut). Histological studies began in 1870, and by the end of the 19th century, all the major histological features had been described. The first physiological studies on airway mucous secretion were published in 1892. Kokin, in 1896 ( Archiv für die gesamte Physiologie des Menschen und der Tiere 63: 622–630), was the first to measure secretion from individual glands. It was not, however, until 1933 that gland secretion was quantified. This early literature raises important questions as to the role of the collecting duct epithelium in modifying primary secretions. It also provides perhaps the most accurate measure of basal gland secretion in vivo.

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Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Early studies of airway submucosal glands

Widdicombe

2019

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

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“…These apparatuses suffered from lack of adequate illumination of the larynx. In 1844, a headband to which a semispherical reflector with a hole in the center for viewing was introduced by Mr. Avery of London 5 . The concentration of light to a spot some distance ahead was later refined by Czermak and is similar in appearance to the head mirrors used today.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…His extensive observations of the phonating larynx served as an impetus for future laryngeal investigations. Examination of vocal folds in healthy and diseased states has been the subject of treatises by Mackenzie, Czermack, Garcia, and others 4‐6 . Moore summarized some of this early history 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Videostrobolaryngoscopic Findings‐Measurements of the Normal Glottal Cycle

Woo

1996

The Laryngoscope

118

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Videostrobolaryngoscopic (VSL) images of vocal fold behavior in 32 male and 33 female normal speakers were analyzed by computer. Image analysis software enhanced the glottal image, allowing extraction of the glottal area. Frame-by-frame analysis produced 20 glottal area values for each glottal cycle. The glottal area waveform (GAW) plots these values. From the GAW, features such as peak glottal area, duration of opening and closing, and rates of vocal fold opening and closing were measured. Acoustic measures of sound pressure level (SPL) and fundamental frequency were used to compare changes in GAW with changes in loudness and pitch. Analysis of the data showed significant differences between the sexes in GAW, peak glottal area, closed period, closing slope, and size and incidence of the posterior glottal gap. Intensity and frequency changes significantly affected GAW. Intensity variations affected the steepness of the closing phase and the duration of the closed period. Frequency changes affected the open period and the relative duration of opening vs. closing. This study provides quantitative measures of the VSL image that supplement and corroborate perceptual observations. These measures provide normative data against which similar measures of dysphonic larynges can be compared.

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“…For these works, Casserius had the German painter Josias Mauer stay in his home for the purpose of “drawing anatomic illustrations (Choulant, ).” Neither Fabricus nor Casserius acknowledged the works or contributions of the other (Riva et al, ). Riva et al () described that even despite the absence of names, their “…conflict was echoed in the relevant dedications to the Duke of Parma (Ranuccio Farnese) and to three Venetian noblemen…” Wright believed that the absence of tribute between Casserius and Fabricius was due to the timing of experimentation and publication (Wright, ). However, it seems clear that this evaluation was more concerned with the history of the medicine of the nose and throat, and had less to do with the deteriorating relations between Casserius and his former mentor (Wright, ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Riva et al () described that even despite the absence of names, their “…conflict was echoed in the relevant dedications to the Duke of Parma (Ranuccio Farnese) and to three Venetian noblemen…” Wright believed that the absence of tribute between Casserius and Fabricius was due to the timing of experimentation and publication (Wright, ). However, it seems clear that this evaluation was more concerned with the history of the medicine of the nose and throat, and had less to do with the deteriorating relations between Casserius and his former mentor (Wright, ). Additionally, both authors claimed to be preparing anatomical texts complete with plates, a resource that was, as of yet, not available to medical students (Riva et al, ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Giulio cesare casseri (c. 1552–1616): The servant who became an anatomist

et al. 2013

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Julius Casserius was born in a poor family in Piacenza in 1552. As a young man, he moved to Padua and soon after, he became a servant to Fabricius, a noted anatomist and professor at the Universitá Artista, who quickly became his mentor. Casserius eventually attended the University of Padua and received a degree in medicine and philosophy. In the following years, a rivalry ensued between Casserius and his former mentor as they competed for teaching privileges, conflicted on dissection philosophies, and disregarded each other's contributions in publications. Tragically, the conflict between these two influential anatomists may have overshadowed their contributions to the study of anatomy. Casserius was one of the first physicians to develop a comprehensive treatise on anatomy. Unfortunately, while Casserius prepared several tracts identifying novel structures, he did not live to see his master collection published as he died suddenly at the peak of his career in 1616. Interestingly, the English anatomist and surgeon John Browne used copies of Casserius' work for his own anatomy text and was labeled a plagiarist. It is the contributions from such pioneers as Casserius on which we base our current understanding of human anatomy.

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The nose and throat in the history of medicine

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Early studies of airway submucosal glands

Early studies of airway submucosal glands

Quantification of Videostrobolaryngoscopic Findings‐Measurements of the Normal Glottal Cycle

Giulio cesare casseri (c. 1552–1616): The servant who became an anatomist

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