The novel graphene metasurfaces based on split-ring resonators for tunable polarization switching and beam steering at terahertz frequencies

Chen, Dingbo; Yang, Junbo; Huang, Jie; Bai, Wei; Zhang, Jingjing; Zhang, Zhaojian; Xu, Siyu; Xie, Wanlin

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2019.08.020

Cited by 64 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Systems utilizing graphene could potentially provide the necessary functionalities. However, to achieve polarization conversion, symmetry breaking has to be introduced; this can be implemented geometrically, [15,[27][28][29] e.g., via patterned nanorectangles, [15] or by inducing anisotropy in the graphene conductivity, e.g., through the application of strong magnetic fields. [30] Alternatively, the tunable anisotropic conductivity of monolayer black phosphorus (BP), a 2D material with an inherent anisotropic crystalline structure, [24,31,32] can circumvent the above limitations, offering the desired tunability and wideband operation within the same system.…”

Section: Dynamic Control Of Light Chirality With Nanostructured Monol...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Control of Light Chirality with Nanostructured Monolayer Black Phosphorus for Broadband Terahertz Applications

Matthaiakakis

Droulias

Kakarantzas

2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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Dynamically tunable polarization conversion at the nanoscale is essential for the realization of novel on‐chip photonic devices. To achieve the desired polarization control, typically, nanopatterning of resonant metallic or dielectric structures in anisotropic or chiral geometries is required, in many cases limiting the performance to narrowband, nontunable operation. In this work, by taking advantage of the strong anisotropic surface conductivity of black phosphorus (BP), polarization conversion is demonstrated via the coherent excitation of localized surface plasmons (LSPs) in symmetrically patterned monolayer BP nanosquare arrays. Using finite‐difference time‐domain simulations, linear‐to‐circular and circular‐to‐linear polarization conversion, dynamic tunability and switching, and broadband operation in the terahertz (THz) regime, all enabled by means of electrostatic control of the carrier concentration of BP, are demonstrated. Last, it is demonstrated how near‐field coupling between the LSPs and dipole emitters positioned at chosen hotspots can mediate the emission of circularly polarized light (CPL), also providing enhanced emission rates. The proposed design offers a flexible, ultrathin, platform for wave manipulation in the THz regime, enabling active control of light polarization by nanoscopic on‐chip optical sources.

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Section: Dynamic Control Of Light Chirality With Nanostructured Monol...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Control of Light Chirality with Nanostructured Monolayer Black Phosphorus for Broadband Terahertz Applications

Matthaiakakis

Droulias

Kakarantzas

2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…We use the Au gate bias voltage to change the working state of the graphene nanoribbons. According to the previous reports [26,40], we can know that there is almost no SPPs when the Fermi level of the graphene layer is 0. Since the graphene nanoribbons are off (Fermi level is 0) and the Fermi level of graphene rings are 1eV, the simulation results of the proposed device show two narrow filters which excited by the SPPs of graphene rings in the terahertz as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Model Constructionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…As a two-dimensional material, graphene attracts considerable attention of researchers because of its unique optoelectronic properties [17][18][19][20][21]. Due to the semi-metallic properties of graphene, single-layer graphene can be processed into ribbon [22,23], disks [24,25], and split rings [26,27] that can also excite SPPs. The SPPs properties of graphene can be controlled by the Fermi level of graphene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-channel optical switch, refractive index sensor and slow light device based on a graphene metasurface

et al. 2020

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In this paper, we propose a graphene-based metasurface that exhibits multifunctions including tunable filter and slow-light which result from surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) of graphene and plasmon induced transparency (PIT), respectively. The proposed metasurface is composed by two pairs of graphene nano-rings and a graphene nanoribbon. Each group of graphene rings is separately placed on both sides of the graphene nanoribbon. Adjusting the working state of the nanoribbon can realize the functional conversion of the proposed multifunctional metasurface. After that, in the state of two narrow filters, we put forward the application concept of dual-channel optical switch. Using phase modulation of PIT and flexible Fermi level of graphene, we can achieve tunable slow light. In addition, the result shows that the graphene-based metasurface as a refractive index sensor can achieve a sensitivity of 13670 nm/RIU in terahertz range. These results enable the proposed device to be widely applied in tunable optical switches, slow light, and sensors.

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“…Therefore, based on the above two design strategies, it remains challenging to achieve a full 360 • phase modulation while maintaining high transmittance/reflectance. However, in most applications such as tuneable metalens [30,31], beam steering [32,33], switchable wave-plates [34][35][36] and polarisation control [37,38], dynamic phase modulation covering the full 360 • as well as high reflectance/transmittance are highly desirable. In order to tackle the challenge of the limited dynamic phase modulation range and relatively low reflectance/transmittance, Zhu et al [39] proposed and demonstrated a multiple resonance metasurface for providing 360 • phase variation in the microwave regime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full 360° Terahertz Dynamic Phase Modulation Based on Doubly Resonant Graphene–Metal Hybrid Metasurfaces

Wang

Luo

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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Dynamic phase modulation is vital for tuneable focusing, beaming, polarisation conversion and holography. However, it remains challenging to achieve full 360° dynamic phase modulation while maintaining high reflectance or transmittance based on metamaterials or metasurfaces in the terahertz regime. Here, we propose a doubly resonant graphene–metal hybrid metasurface to address this challenge. Simulation results show that by varying the graphene Fermi energy, the proposed metasurface with two shifting resonances is capable of providing dynamic phase modulation covering a range of 361° while maintaining relatively high reflectance above 20% at 1.05 THz. Based on the phase profile design, dynamically tuneable beam steering and focusing were numerically demonstrated. We expect that this work will advance the engineering of graphene metasurfaces for the dynamic manipulation of terahertz waves.

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The novel graphene metasurfaces based on split-ring resonators for tunable polarization switching and beam steering at terahertz frequencies

Cited by 64 publications

References 41 publications

Dynamic Control of Light Chirality with Nanostructured Monolayer Black Phosphorus for Broadband Terahertz Applications

Dynamic Control of Light Chirality with Nanostructured Monolayer Black Phosphorus for Broadband Terahertz Applications

Dual-channel optical switch, refractive index sensor and slow light device based on a graphene metasurface

Full 360° Terahertz Dynamic Phase Modulation Based on Doubly Resonant Graphene–Metal Hybrid Metasurfaces

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