The novel Megawatt Charging System standard: Impact on battery size and cell requirements for battery-electric long-haul trucks

Schneider, Jakob Hans Josef; Teichert, Olaf; Zähringer, Maximilian; Balke, Georg; Lienkamp, Markus

doi:10.1016/j.etran.2023.100253

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Due to installation space limitations, BETs have shorter ranges than those that fulfill the transport task in long-haul transport without a charging stop [20]. Typical daily driving distances in long-haul transport are between 650 and 700 km [32].…”

Section: Problem Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several research studies show BETs' feasibility [13][14][15][16] and economic competitiveness [17][18][19] compared to today's diesel trucks. Previous work in the BET context deals with the topics of battery dimensioning [17,20,21] and cell selection [18,20,22]. However, the BET range that can be achieved while meeting payload and installation space requirements 2 of 25 is currently insufficient for long-haul transport with daily ranges up to 700 km without intermediate on-route charging [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies [14,17,19,20] investigate the influence of these intermediate fast-charging events with different charging powers on the battery dimensioning, cell selection, and TCO. For this purpose, either synthetic scenarios [14,17,20] based on the hour of service (HoS) regulations applicable in the EU [23] or an explicit route with defined stops for the charging events are used [19]. Only a few studies investigate the required charging infrastructure for BET.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing the Journey: Dynamic Charging Strategies for Battery Electric Trucks in Long-Haul Transport

Zähringer,

Teichert,

Balke

et al. 2024

Energies

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Battery electric trucks (BETs) represent a well-suited option for decarbonizing road freight transport to achieve climate targets in the European Union. However, lower ranges than the daily distance of up to 700 km make charging stops mandatory. This paper presents an online algorithm for optimal dynamic charging strategies for long-haul BET based on a dynamic programming approach. In several case studies, we investigate the advantages optimal strategies can bring compared to driver decisions. We further show which charging infrastructure characteristics in terms of charging power, density, and charging station availability should be achieved for BETs in long-haul applications to keep the additional time required for charging stops low. In doing so, we consider the dynamic handling of occupied charging stations for the first time in the context of BET. Our findings show that, compared to driver decisions, optimal charging strategies can reduce the time loss by half compared to diesel trucks. To keep the time loss compared to a diesel truck below 30 min a day, a BET with a 500 kWh battery would need a charging point every 50 km on average, a distributed charging power between 700 and 1500 kW, and an average charger availability above 75%. The presented method and the case studies’ results’ plausibility are interpreted within a comprehensive sensitivity analysis and subsequently discussed in detail. Finally, we transformed our findings into concrete recommendations for action for the efficient rollout of BETs in long-haul applications.

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Section: Problem Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing the Journey: Dynamic Charging Strategies for Battery Electric Trucks in Long-Haul Transport

Zähringer,

Teichert,

Balke

et al. 2024

Energies

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“…In previous works, we identified the time loss of BETs (compared to conventional drivetrains) as a key to the success of electric road freight transport and demonstrated the influence of infrastructure properties and drivetrain parameters on this time loss [11,27]. Adaptive strategy can help to mitigate these time losses [11].…”

Section: Speth Et Al Model Fast Charging Network On the Germanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To summarize, different approaches have been presented to design fast-charging networks on (at least) a national scale. The main performance aims are maximized spatial coverage [21,22,29], speed of en-route charging [11,17,20,27], and charging queues [18,19,26], while costs are commonly considered in terms of installed infrastructure and grid integration.…”

Section: Research Gap and Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connecting the Dots: A Comprehensive Modeling and Evaluation Approach to Assess the Performance and Robustness of Charging Networks for Battery Electric Trucks and Its Application to Germany

Balke,

Zähringer,

Schneider

et al. 2024

WEVJ

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The successful introduction of battery electric trucks heavily depends on public charging infrastructure. But even as the first trucks capable of long-haul transportation are being built, no coherent fast-charging networks are yet available. This paper presents a methodology for assessing fast charging networks for electric trucks in Germany from the literature. It aims to establish a quantitative understanding of the networks’ performance and robustness to deviations from idealized system parameters and identify crucial charging sites from a transportation planning perspective. Additionally, the study explores the quantification of adaptation effects displayed by agents in response to charging site outages. To achieve these objectives, a comprehensive methodology incorporating infrastructure, vehicle and operational strategy modeling, simulation, and subsequent evaluation is presented. Factors such as charging station locations, C-rates, mandatory rest periods, and vehicle parameters are taken into account, along with the distribution of traffic according to publicly available data. The study aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of charging networks’ performance and resilience. This will be applied in a case study on two proposed networks and newly created derivatives. The proposed network offers over 99% coverage for long-haul transport but leads to a time loss of approximately 7% under reference conditions. This study advances the understanding of the performance and resilience of proposed charging networks, providing a solid foundation for the design and implementation of robust and efficient charging infrastructure for electric trucks.

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The Latest International Progress and Implications of Megawatt-Level Charging Technology

Li,

Chen,

Zhong

et al. 2024

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

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The novel Megawatt Charging System standard: Impact on battery size and cell requirements for battery-electric long-haul trucks

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Optimizing the Journey: Dynamic Charging Strategies for Battery Electric Trucks in Long-Haul Transport

Optimizing the Journey: Dynamic Charging Strategies for Battery Electric Trucks in Long-Haul Transport

Connecting the Dots: A Comprehensive Modeling and Evaluation Approach to Assess the Performance and Robustness of Charging Networks for Battery Electric Trucks and Its Application to Germany

The Latest International Progress and Implications of Megawatt-Level Charging Technology

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