The nucellar projection and modified aleurone in the crease region of developing caryopses of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var.distichum)

Cochrane, M. P.; Duffus, C. M.

doi:10.1007/bf01276962

Cited by 53 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the case of the wheat grain, the expression of proteolytic enzymes was also localized in the nucellar projection cells (DomõÂ nguez and Cejudo 1998). These cells have the characteristic morphology of transfer cells and are part of the nucellar tissue (Cochrane and Duus 1980). Four stages of dierentiation are distinguished in the nucellar projection cells of the wheat grain, cells located near the pigment strand being the least dierentiated (Wang et al 1994a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The nucellus degenerates by a process of programmed cell death during the early stages of wheat grain development

Domı́nguez¹,

Moreno²,

Cejudo³

2001

Planta

102

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The nucellus, which is the maternal tissue of the wheat grain, degenerates during the early stages of development. We have investigated whether or not this degenerative process may be considered as programmed cell death (PCD). The analysis of DNA of tissues dissected from developing wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Chinese Spring) grains at 5-20 days post anthesis (dpa) showed the presence of DNA laddering, which is indicative of internucleosomal fragmentation of nuclear DNA, in maternal tissues but not in the endosperm. The TUNEL assay showed in-situ internucleosomal fragmentation of DNA in nuclei of parenchymal and epidermal cells of the nucellus, as well as in the pericarp, during the early stages of grain development (5 dpa). Furthermore, internucleosomal fragmentation of nuclear DNA was observed in nucellar projection cells in the middle stages of grain development (13-18 dpa), thus showing a process of PCD in these maternal tissues. Electron-transmission microscopy analysis allowed the morphology of PCD to be characterized in this plant tissue. Initially, fragmentation of the cytoplasm was observed, the nuclear envelope appeared dilated and to be forming vacuoles, and the content of heterochromatin increased. A progressive degradation of the cytosolic contents and organelles was observed, and the plasma membrane was disrupted. However, the Golgi apparatus remained intact and apparently functional even in the final stages of cell death.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The nucellus degenerates by a process of programmed cell death during the early stages of wheat grain development

Domı́nguez¹,

Moreno²,

Cejudo³

2001

Planta

102

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“…Regionalization of the endosperm results in four cell types: transfer cells, aleurone cells, starchy endosperm cells, and cells of the embryo surrounding region. The transfer cells differentiate very early and are observed over the nucellar projection, bordering the endosperm cavity (Cochrane and Duffus 1980;Thompson et al 2001). They present extensive cell wall invaginations and increased plasma membrane surface, facilitating nutrient uptake by the endosperm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in wall composition of transfer and aleurone cells during wheat grain development

Robert

Jamme

Barron

et al. 2010

Planta

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In addition to the starchy endosperm, a specialized tissue accumulating storage material, the endosperm of wheat grain, comprises the aleurone layer and the transfer cells next to the crease. The transfer cells, located at the ventral region of the grain, are involved in nutrient transfer from the maternal tissues to the developing endosperm. Immunolabeling techniques, Raman spectroscopy, and synchrotron infrared micro-spectroscopy were used to study the chemistry of the transfer cell walls during wheat grain development. The kinetic depositions of the main cell wall polysaccharides of wheat grain endosperm, arabinoxylan, and (1-3)(1-4)-β-glucan in transfer cell walls were different from kinetics previously observed in the aleurone cell walls. While (1-3)(1-4)-β-glucan appeared first in the aleurone cell walls at 90°D, arabinoxylan predominated in the transfer cell walls from 90 to 445°D. Both aleurone and transfer cell walls were enriched in (1-3)(1-4)-β-glucan at the mature stage of wheat grain development. Arabinoxylan was more substituted in the transfer cell walls than in the aleurone walls. However, arabinoxylan was more feruloylated in the aleurone than in the transfer cell walls, whatever the stage of grain development. In the transfer cells, the ferulic acid was less abundant in the outer periclinal walls while para-coumarate was absent. Possible implications of such differences are discussed.

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“…Highly differentiated TCs have also been found at the symplastic discontinuities between individuals belonging to different generations (e.g., at the interface between gametophyte and sporophyte generations [Ligrone and Gambardella, 1988] and at the base of seeds [Kiesselbach, 1949;Cochrane and Duffus, 1980;Offler and Patrick, 1993;Talbot et al, 2001]) and symbiotic species (e.g., at mycorrhizal and rhizobium-root nodule interfaces [Gunning et al, 1974;Allaway et al, 1985]), and even at points of plant-parasite interaction (e.g., in nematode infections [Jones and Northcote, 1972]). This work makes use of the maize (Zea mays) basal endosperm TC layer as a model for investigating the regulatory pathways that govern TC differentiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Maize Transcription Factor Myb-Related Protein-1 Is a Key Regulator of the Differentiation of Transfer Cells

et al. 2009

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Transfer cells are highly modified plant cells specialized in the transport of solutes. They differentiate at many plant exchange surfaces, including phloem loading and unloading zones such as those present in the sink organs and seeds. In maize (Zea mays) seeds, transfer cells are located at the base of the endosperm. It is currently unknown how apical-basal polarity is established or why the peripheral cells at the base of the endosperm differentiate into transfer instead of aleurone cells. Here, we show that in epidermal cells committed to develop into aleurone cells, the ectopic expression of the transfer cell-specific transcriptional activator Myb-Related Protein-1 (MRP-1) is sufficient to temporarily transform them into transfer cells. These transformed cells acquire distinct transfer cell features, such as cell wall ingrowths and an elongated shape. In addition, they express a number of MRP-1 target genes presumably involved in defense. We also show that the expression of MRP-1 is needed to maintain the transfer cell phenotype. Later in development, an observed reduction in the ectopic expression of MRP-1 was followed by the reversion of the transformed cells, which then acquire aleurone cell features.

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The nucellar projection and modified aleurone in the crease region of developing caryopses of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var.distichum)

Cited by 53 publications

References 25 publications

The nucellus degenerates by a process of programmed cell death during the early stages of wheat grain development

The nucellus degenerates by a process of programmed cell death during the early stages of wheat grain development

Change in wall composition of transfer and aleurone cells during wheat grain development

The Maize Transcription Factor Myb-Related Protein-1 Is a Key Regulator of the Differentiation of Transfer Cells

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