The Nuclear Localization of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Is Required Its Putative PY-Nuclear Localization Sequences

Sein, Shin; Lee, Eun Jeoung; Chun, Jaesun; Hyun, Sung Hee; Kim, Youg Il; Kang, Sang Sun

doi:10.1007/s10059-012-0167-2

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Intracellular localization is controlled at different regulatory levels [12]. These include (de-)phosphorylation [67], association with proteins facilitating nuclear import (e.g., karyopherin β2 [68] or herpesvirus-derived latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) [69]) or export (e.g., GSK3-binding protein [70]), and partial digestion (see Section 2.2.3). Recently, it has been shown that inactivation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), mechanistic target of rapamycin complex (mTORC) 1 axis results in the nuclear accumulation of both GSK3α and β.…”

Section: Gsk3 Proteins-paralogs Isoforms Expression and Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

GSK3: A Kinase Balancing Promotion and Resolution of Inflammation

Hoffmeister

Diekmann

Brand

et al. 2020

Cells

102

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GSK3 has been implicated for years in the regulation of inflammation and addressed in a plethora of scientific reports using a variety of experimental (disease) models and approaches. However, the specific role of GSK3 in the inflammatory process is still not fully understood and controversially discussed. Following a detailed overview of structure, function, and various regulatory levels, this review focusses on the immunoregulatory functions of GSK3, including the current knowledge obtained from animal models. Its impact on pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine profiles, bacterial/viral infections, and the modulation of associated pro-inflammatory transcriptional and signaling pathways is discussed. Moreover, GSK3 contributes to the resolution of inflammation on multiple levels, e.g., via the regulation of pro-resolving mediators, the clearance of apoptotic immune cells, and tissue repair processes. The influence of GSK3 on the development of different forms of stimulation tolerance is also addressed. Collectively, the role of GSK3 as a kinase balancing the initiation/perpetuation and the amelioration/resolution of inflammation is highlighted.

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Section: Gsk3 Proteins-paralogs Isoforms Expression and Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

GSK3: A Kinase Balancing Promotion and Resolution of Inflammation

Hoffmeister

Diekmann

Brand

et al. 2020

Cells

102

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“…According to this model, importins might be binding to a Pro closely spaced to a Tyr residue of the target protein, thus producing the nuclear translocation of the peptide. LdTopIB NLS3 includes the sequence of 218-SKINYIDPR-226, where Tyr-222 and Pro-225 are found close together [34]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of the Regions Involved in the Nuclear Translocation of the Heterodimeric Leishmanial DNA Topoisomerase IB

et al. 2013

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Leishmania donovani, the causative organism for visceral leishmaniasis, contains a unique heterodimeric DNA-topoisomerase IB (LdTopIB). LdTopIB is a heterodimer made up of a large subunit and a small subunit that must interact with each other to build an active enzyme able to solve the topological tensions on the DNA. As LdTopIB is located within the nucleus, one or more nuclear localization signals (NLS) should exist to ensure its nuclear translocation. In this report three novel NLS have been identified through a sequential deletion study of the genes encoding of both subunits fused to that encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP). NLS1 is a highly basic sequence of 43 amino acids in the C-terminal extension of the large protomer. We found two well-defined sequences in the small protomer: NLS2 is a 10-amino acid motif located in the N-terminal extension of the protein; NLS3 consists of a complex region of 28 amino acids placed in the vicinity of the catalytic Tyr-222 included at the conserved SKINY signature within the C-terminal. Furthermore, by means of yeast cell viability assays, conducted with several LdTopIB chimeras lacking any of the NLS motives, we have revealed that both subunits are transported independently to the nucleus. There was no evidence of LdTopIB accumulation in mitochondria or association to the kinetoplast DNA network. The results rule out the former hypothesis, which attributes nucleocytoplasmic transport of LdTopIB entirely to the large subunit. The LdTopIB is localized to the nucleus only.

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“…400 μl of binding buffer was added to each tube. Within 1 hr, FACS was performed on a Coulter Epics Elite equipped with a gated amplifier and upgraded with enhanced system performance in The Core Facility of Chungbuk National University [21]. …”

Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorylation of Tip60 Tyrosine 327 by Abl Kinase Inhibits HAT Activity through Association with FE65

Sein¹,

Kang²

2013

TOBIOCJ

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The transfer of acetyl groups from acetyl coenzyme A to the ε amino group of internal lysine residues is catalyzed by Tip60, which is in the MYST family of nuclear histone acetyltransferases (HATs). The tyrosine phosphorylation of Tip60 seems to be a unique modification. We present evidence that Tip60 is modified on tyrosine 327 by Abl kinase. We show that this causes functional changes in HAT activity and the subcellular localization of TIP60, which forms a complex with Abl kinase. The Tip60 mutation Y327F abolished tyrosine phosphorylation, reduced the inhibition of Tip60 HAT activity, and caused G0-G1 arrest and association with FE65. Thus, our findings for the first time suggested a novel regulation mechanism of Tip60. Regulation was through phosphorylation of tyrosine 327 by Abl tyrosine kinase and depended on environmental conditions, suggesting that the tyrosine residue of Tip60 is important for the activation process.

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The Nuclear Localization of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Is Required Its Putative PY-Nuclear Localization Sequences

Cited by 19 publications

References 32 publications

GSK3: A Kinase Balancing Promotion and Resolution of Inflammation

GSK3: A Kinase Balancing Promotion and Resolution of Inflammation

Identification and Characterization of the Regions Involved in the Nuclear Translocation of the Heterodimeric Leishmanial DNA Topoisomerase IB

Phosphorylation of Tip60 Tyrosine 327 by Abl Kinase Inhibits HAT Activity through Association with FE65

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