The nuclear position of pericentromeric DNA of chromosome 11 appears to be random in GO and non-random in G1 human lymphocytes

Abstract

The nuclear position of pericentromeric DNA of chromosome 11 appears to be random in G0 and non-random in G1 human lymphocytes Hulspas, R.; Houtsmuller, A.; Krijtenburg, P.-J.; Bauman, J.G.J.; Nanninga, N. Published in: Chromosoma DOI:10.1007/BF00352253 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA):Hulspas, R., Houtsmuller, A., Krijtenburg, P-J., Bauman, J. G. J., & Nanninga, N. (1994). The nuclear position of pericentromeric DNA of chromosome 11 appears to be random in G0 and non-random in G1 human lymphocytes. Chromosoma, 103, 286-292. DOI: 10.1007/BF00352253 General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Download date: 12 May 2018Chromosoma ( Abstract. The nuclear topography of pericentromeric DNA of chromosome 11 was analyzed in G O (nonstimulated) and G 1 [phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated] human lymphocytes by confocal microscopy. In addition to the nuclear center, the centrosome was used as a second point of reference in the three-dimensional (3D) analysis. Pericentromeric DNA of chromosome 11 and the centrosome were labeled using a combination of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunofluorescence. To preserve the 3D morphology of the cells, these techniques were performed on whole cells in suspension. Three-dimensional images of the cells were analyzed with a recently developed 3D software program (Interactive Measurement of Axes and Positioning in 3 Dimensions). The distribution of the chromosome 11 centromeres appeared to be random during the G O stage but clearly non-random during the G 1 stage, when the nuclear center was used as a reference point. Further statistical analysis of the G1 cells revealed that the centromeres were randomly distributed in a shell underlying the nuclear membrane. A topographical relationship between the centrosome and the centromeres appeared to be absent during the G O and G I stages of the cell cycle.

p21 WAF-1 reorganizes the nucleus in tumor suppression

“…From a physiological point of view, these observations are complementary to the growing evidence for a territorial interphase chromosome organization (1,2,5). Specific chromatin domains occupy distinct, nonrandom, spatial positions as reported previously (9,10). Whether there is a correlation between gene expression and chromosome repositioning remains to be investigated further because some results indicate that both active and inactive genes localize preferentially in the periphery of chromosome territories (30).…”

“…Factors involved in transcript processing are identified within discrete foci in nuclei (7,8). Spatial rearrangement of chromatin was recently observed during the cell cycle (9,10). Studies in Drosophila demonstrate a position effect variegation with striking consequences on gene expression depending upon the gene's distance from the centromere and its association with a block of heterochromatin (11)(12)(13).…”

Differences in centromere positioning of cycling and postmitotic human cell types

“…In the present study we found that about 90% of centromeres were located in the periphery of human lymphocyte nuclei in G0, while about half of centromeres were located in the periphery and half in the nuclear interior, including adjacent to the nucleoli, of lymphocyte nuclei in early G1. Hulspas et al (1994) carried out FISH with a human chromosome 11 centromere-specific probe in both nonstimulated lymphocytes harvested directly from peripheral blood and in cultured, PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes. Laser confocal microscopy using the nuclear center as a reference point revealed that the distribution of the chromosome 11 centromeres appeared to be random during the G0 stage, while most, if not all, centromeres were found at the nuclear periphery in G1.…”

“…Centromeres provide another example where major movements have been observed in nuclei of both postmitotic cells (Manuelidis 1985;Alcobia et al 2000;Martou and De Boni 2000;Solovei et al 2004a) and cycling cells (Bartholdi 1991;Ferguson and Ward 1992;Weimer et al 1992;Vourc'h et al 1993;Hulspas et al 1994). Previous studies of the distribution of centromeres/kinetochores in cycling and non-cycling cell types had important technical limitations, including the unequivocal discrimination of non-cycling cells (G0) from cells at different stages and substages of interphase (see Discussion).…”

Ordered arrangement and rearrangement of chromosomes during spermatogenesis in two species of planarians (Plathelminthes)

“…The X and Y chromosomes occupy restricted domains on opposite poles of the nucleus in Sertoli cells (Armstrong et al 1994). There are several examples in which the relative positions of centromeres and telomeres in relation to the nuclear envelope are clearly non-random (Vourc'h et al 1993;Hulspas et al 1994;Scherthan et al 1996). However, the spherical shape of the interphase nucleus makes it hard to determine precisely the relative positions of chromosomes.…”