The nucleolus: A structural and functional interpretation

Wachtler, F.; Stahl, A

doi:10.1016/0968-4328(93)90026-w

Cited by 125 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 230 publications

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“…In the mouse haploid genome, up to six chromosomes may contain a NOR region [6] bearing approximately 100 ribosomal genes in total [26]. Besides [12,[36][37][38].…”

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confidence: 99%

Non-isotopic detection of nucleolar transcription in pre-implantation mouse embryos

Kobema

Landa²,

Kaňka³

et al. 1998

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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“…In the mouse haploid genome, up to six chromosomes may contain a NOR region [6] bearing approximately 100 ribosomal genes in total [26]. Besides [12,[36][37][38].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-isotopic detection of nucleolar transcription in pre-implantation mouse embryos

Kobema

Landa²,

Kaňka³

et al. 1998

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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“…Unlike the 17-116 population, only three out of six NOR sites were normally stained in the 103-6x population. A plausible explanation for this result is that three AgNORs localized on chromosome arms that were normally active and visible while the other three additional sets of NORs which may also exist, were functionally inactive during the preceding interphase (Sumner 1990, Wachtler andStahl 1993). Moscone et al (1995) and Bustamante et al (2014) reported that the AgNOR site is correlated with the 45S rDNA site where breaks and gaps caused chromosome fragmentation, resulting in new chromosomal rearrangements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Active Nucleolus Organizing Regions in Polyploid Prairie Cordgrass (<i>Spartina pectinata</i> Link) by Silver Staining

2015

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Summary Prairie cordgrass has recently gained attention as an important biotic component of stressed ecosystems. This polyploid species is distributed broadly across the U.S. More cytogenetic data are needed to investigate how increased ploidy levels influence chromosome changes and gene expression in order to understand the formation of stable cytotypes. Silver staining is the cytogenetic method commonly used to study the number and distribution of active nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) on chromosomes at metaphase, and the number and size of nucleoli in nuclei at interphase. Intensity and distribution patterns of silver stained NORs (AgNORs) reveal differential ribosomal gene expressions in plants and animals. The purpose of this study is to estimate the number of AgNORs, their locations, and their activities in metaphase chromosomes and to determine heteromorphic variation in size and number of nucleoli within interphase nuclei for tetra-, hexa-, and octoploid prairie cordgrass populations. Increases in mean numbers of AgNORs in each metaphase and interphase cell were observed as ploidy level increases. Although distribution patterns of silver stained NORs at metaphase cells of tetra-and octoploids reflect changes in ploidy, the neohexaploids did not follow the pattern, indicating that active NORs were not stable in early generation of formation of neo-hexaploidy. Collectively, these results suggest that distribution patterns of silver stained NORs in metaphase and number of silver stained nucleoli in interphase cells can be used as markers to detecting chromosome variations within and among ploidy levels and to determine when ploidy levels stabilize in prairie cordgrass.

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“…[29]. "Large active nucleoli" with multiple fibrillar centers are known to be characteristic for proliferating cells [5,7]. "Ring shaped resting nucleoli" are characteristic for sleeping cells, which may be stimulated to return to the cell cycle and proliferate again [see 1,5,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The peripheral blood of patients suffering from chronic lymphocytic leukemia represented a convenient It is generally accepted that nucleoli are multifunctional cell organelles that participate in cell proliferation, differentiation, maturation, aging and cell death [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Nucleoli also represent sites of the ribosomal RNA transcription and assembly of ribosomal particles that migrate to the cytoplasm and represent a substantial part of the cell proteosyntetic machinery [7,8]. It is also known that the basophilic properties of nucleoli and cytoplasm due to the presence of RNA decrease during the differentiation and maturation of blood cells [9][10][11][12].…”

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confidence: 99%

To the nucleolar bodies (nucleoli) in cells of the lymphocytic lineage in patients suffering from B – chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Smetana

Karban²,

Trněný³

2010

neo

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The present study was undertaken to provide more information on nucleoli in lymphocytes of B -chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The computer assisted nucleolar and cytoplasmic RNA image densitometry, reflecting the nucleolar and cytoplasmic RNA concentration at the single cell level, demonstrated a remarkable stability during the differentiation and maturation of B-lymphocytes. In contrast, as it was expected, the nucleolar diameter during the lymphocytic development markedly decreased. Thus the nucleolar RNA content of leukemic B-lymphocytes was apparently related to the nucleolar size. In both immature and mature lymphocytes, the cytostatic treatment increased the incidence of micronucleoli, which represent the "inactive" type of nucleoli. However, the decreased values of the nucleolar diameter were statistically significant only in mature lymphocytes of treated patients. On the other hand, despite such observation, it must be mentioned that "large active" and "ring shaped resting" nucleoli were still present in immature and mature lymphocytes after the cytostatic therapy and such cells might represent a potential pool of proliferating cells. As it is generally accepted "large active nucleoli" with multiple fibrillar centers are known to be characteristic for proliferating cells. "Ring shaped resting nucleoli" are present in sleeping cells, which may be stimulated to return to the cell cycle and to proliferate again. In addition, the nucleolar RNA distribution also indicated that Gumprecht ghosts mostly originated from mature lymphocytes. Increased ratio of the nucleolar to cytoplasmic RNA density in Gumprecht ghosts or apoptotic cells and apoptotic bodies of the lymphocytic origin was related to the decreased cytoplasmic RNA concentration. The increased nucleolar size together with the markedly decreased cytoplasmic RNA concentration characteristic for Gumprecht ghosts just reflected the spreading of lymphocytes during smear preparations. In apoptotic cells or bodies of the lymphocytic origin, the "frozen" nucleolar RNA concentration accompanied by a reduced RNA concentration in the cytoplasm exhibited a remarkable similarity to the apoptotic process induced in vitro by the cytostatic treatment. Keywords: B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia; lymphocytes; nucleolar classes; size; nucleolar RNA image density -concentrationduring differentiation and maturation of erythroblasts [13]. In contrary, in differentiating and maturing granulocytes, the RNA concentration decreased "asymmetrically" since the cytoplasmic RNA concentration in advanced stages of the granulocytic development decreased earlier than that of nucleoli [14].The present study was undertaken to provide more information on the RNA image density, i.e. RNA concentration in nucleoli and cytoplasm of immature and mature B-lymphocytes using the computer assisted image densitometry in situ at the single cell level. For this study, RNA in nucleoli and cytoplasm was visualized in unfixed peripheral blood smears by a simple and sensitive cytochemical procedure that fa...

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The nucleolus: A structural and functional interpretation

Cited by 125 publications

References 230 publications

Non-isotopic detection of nucleolar transcription in pre-implantation mouse embryos

Non-isotopic detection of nucleolar transcription in pre-implantation mouse embryos

Analysis of Active Nucleolus Organizing Regions in Polyploid Prairie Cordgrass (<i>Spartina pectinata</i> Link) by Silver Staining

To the nucleolar bodies (nucleoli) in cells of the lymphocytic lineage in patients suffering from B – chronic lymphocytic leukemia

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