The nucleus of M33

Kormendy, John; McClure, R. D.

doi:10.1086/116555

Cited by 115 publications

(178 citation statements)

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“…Kormendy and collaborators, in particular, making use of the excellent seeing conditions and instrumentation on the CFHT, continue to make progress in this area. Two new MDOs have been reported recently based on CFHT data: the low-luminosity elliptical galaxy NGC 4486B has M MDO = 6×10 8 M (Kormendy et al 1997b), and NGC 3377, another close cousin, has M MDO = 2.3×10 8 M (Kormendy et al 1998). This demonstrates the important fact that even in the HST era ground-based observations continue to play an important role in SMBH searches.…”

Section: Methods Based On Stellar Kinematicsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Supermassive Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei

1999

Observational Evidence for Black Holes in the Universe

127

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Abstract.I review the status of observational determinations of central masses in nearby galactic nuclei. Results from a variety of techniques are summarized, including ground-based and space-based optical spectroscopy, radio VLBI measurements of luminous water vapor masers, and variability monitoring studies of active galactic nuclei. I will also discuss recent X-ray observations that indicate relativistic motions arising from the accretion disks of active nuclei. The existing evidence suggests that supermassive black holes are an integral component of galactic structure, at least in elliptical and bulgedominated galaxies. The black hole mass appears to be correlated with the mass of the spheroidal component of the host galaxy. This finding may have important implications for many astrophysical issues.

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Section: Methods Based On Stellar Kinematicsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Supermassive Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei

1999

Observational Evidence for Black Holes in the Universe

127

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“…The hypothesis of an active galactic nucleus (AGN) in the centre of M 33 is inconsistent with the upper limits on the central black hole mass obtained from the velocity dispersion measurements of the nuclear region: Kormendy & McClure (1993) gave an upper limit of 5 × 10 4 M , by using the CanadaFrance-Hawaii Telescope. Recently, Gebhardt et al (2001) set, with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), an upper limit to only 1500 M .…”

Section: To Increasementioning

confidence: 97%

“…The near-IR emission is consistent with the light expected from the known nuclear star cluster of M 33. According to Kormendy & McClure (1993), the central cluster has a B-band magnitude of ∼14.6. Long et al (2002) recently concluded that M 33's nucleus has an age of ∼10 7 −10 9 yrs.…”

Section: Observations Of the Nuclear Region At Other Wavelengthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

XMM–Newtonobservations of the ultraluminous nuclear X-ray source in M 33

Foschini¹,

Rodríguez²,

Fuchs³

et al. 2004

A&A

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Abstract. We present observations with XMM-Newton of M 33 X-8, the ultraluminous X-ray source (L 0.5−10 keV ≈ 2×10 39 erg/s) closest to the centre of the galaxy. The best-fit model is similar to the typical model of Galactic black holes in very high state. Comparison with previous observations indicates that the source is still in a very high state after about 20 years of observations. No state transition has been observed even during the present set of XMM-Newton observations. We estimate the lower limit of the mass of the black hole >6 M , but with proper parameters taking into account different effects, the best estimate becomes 12 M . Our analysis favours the hypothesis that M 33 X-8 is a stellar mass black hole candidate, in agreement with the findings of other authors. In addition, we propose a different model where the high luminosity of the source is likely to be due to orientation effects of the accretion disc and anisotropies in the Comptonized emission.

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“…While the absence of a definitive black hole detection in M33 (Kormendy & McClure 1993;Gebhardt et al 2001;Merritt et al 2001) had reinforced the idea that black holes are associated with bulges (e.g. Dressler & Richstone 1988;), bulgeless galaxies with massive black holes have since been detected (e.g.…”

Section: A Bend In the Roadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galaxy Bulges and Their Massive Black Holes: A Review

Graham

2016

Astrophysics and Space Science Library

122

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With references to both key and oft-forgotten pioneering works, this article starts by presenting a review into how we came to believe in the existence of massive black holes at the centres of galaxies. It then presents the historical development of the near-linear (black hole)-(host spheroid) mass relation, before explaining why this has recently been dramatically revised. Past disagreement over the slope of the (black hole)-(velocity dispersion) relation is also explained, and the discovery of substructure within the (black hole)-(velocity dispersion) diagram is discussed. As the search for the fundamental connection between massive black holes and their host galaxies continues, the competing array of additional black hole mass scaling relations for samples of predominantly inactive galaxies are presented.

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The nucleus of M33

Cited by 115 publications

References 0 publications

Supermassive Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei

Supermassive Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei

XMM–Newtonobservations of the ultraluminous nuclear X-ray source in M 33

Galaxy Bulges and Their Massive Black Holes: A Review

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