The number of children living at home and the duration of embryo cryopreservation are significant risk factors for cryopreserved embryo abandonment

Sweet, C.; Papkov, Galen; Wiedman-Klayum, K.C.; Norton, EverittE.; Miles, K.F.

doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.211

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…There is some evidence that duration of storage is a risk factor for abandonment, with each year of paid cryostorage fees, the risk of abandonment increasing by more than 7%. 26 The same authors reported the number of children at home, the number of embryos in cryostorage, and the size of debt to the clinic, as well as a lower educational level of patients as other contributors to abandonment. 26 Some jurisdictions have responded to this legal and ethical challenge by enacting legislation that limits the term of cryostorage to, for example, 5 years in Denmark and 10 years in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and parts of Australia.…”

Section: Embryo Abandonmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…26 The same authors reported the number of children at home, the number of embryos in cryostorage, and the size of debt to the clinic, as well as a lower educational level of patients as other contributors to abandonment. 26 Some jurisdictions have responded to this legal and ethical challenge by enacting legislation that limits the term of cryostorage to, for example, 5 years in Denmark and 10 years in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and parts of Australia. 27 However, the situation in most countries may be described as it has been for Canada by Cattapan and Baylis: 27 "…neither legislation nor regulations have adequately addressed so-called abandoned embryos, leaving fertility clinics and storage facilities in the precarious position of either discarding them in an unclear regulatory environment, or storing them in perpetuity."…”

Section: Embryo Abandonmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Human Reproductive Cell Cryopreservation, Storage, Handling, and Transport: Risks and Risk Management

Alikani

Parmegiani

2018

Semin Reprod Med

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Millions of human oocytes and embryos are stored in thousands of locations across the globe. This inventory continues to grow as cryopreservation becomes more successful and more widely applied. The results of studies assessing pregnancy and neonatal outcomes following frozen embryo transfer (FET) have been encouraging, showing lower incidences of small for gestational age neonates and preterm birth compared with fresh transfers. However, many of these studies have also shown that the odds of large for gestational age births and macrosomia are higher after FET. The origin of these conditions remains unclear. Cryostorage presents many potential risks to the cryopreserved cells/tissues, including loss of viability and contamination, but risks are faced also by care providers—for example, injury and financial liability—and by patients—for example, accidental loss of their reproductive tissues, the burden of embryos they no longer wish to use and failing to meet their contractual obligations. Studies are urgently needed to explore and understand all dimensions of cryostorage to help ART clinics develop effective strategies to manage associated risks. The future of cryostorage, as for many other areas of ART and medicine, is automation.

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Section: Embryo Abandonmentmentioning

confidence: 98%