“…The DDM also has been extended to study wave propagation across a set (or sets) of joints with linear or nonlinear deformational behavior (Zhao et al, 2006b), nonlinear deformational behavior with different loading/unloading paths (Fan and Wong, 2013), Coulomb slip behavior (Zhao et al, 2006b) and viscoelastic behavior (Zhu et al, 2011). Besides theoretical and experimental studies, numerical investigations based on DDM also have been developed, such as UDEC (Zhao et al, 2008), DDA (Ning et al, 2011) and NMM (Wu and Fan, 2014), etc. Although DDM has significant advantages in investigating seismic wave propagation through a jointed rock mass, the effect of in-situ stress is always neglected.…”