The Nutrient Formula Containing Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Benefits the Fatty Acid Status of Patients Receiving Long-Term Enteral Nutrition

Munakata, Mitsutoshi; Nishikawa, Masazumi; Togashi, Noriko; Nio, Eiko; Kobayashi, Yasuko; Omura, Kiyoshi; Haginoya, Kazuhiro; Tanaka, Soichiro; Abe, Takuya; Hishinuma, Takanori; Chida, Noboru; Tsuchiya, Shigeru; Ônuma, Akira

doi:10.1620/tjem.217.23

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…We utilized the Lands equation (5) to predict AA‐PL compositions as the % n‐6 HUFA from dietary intakes of LA, ALA, AA, and EPA/DHA, with excellent concurrence between calculated ( Supplementary Table S1 online) and experimental values ( and ). Consistent with previous studies (20,21) our results indicate that the elongation and desaturation of ALA to EPA and DHA, and/or the acylation of EPA and DHA into the sn‐2 position of tissue PL, are considerably more effective when dietary LA is below 2 en%. Moreover, in agreement with earlier studies (21–24), we show that increasing dietary LA decreased tissue n‐3 HUFA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Dietary Linoleic Acid Elevates Endogenous 2‐AG and Anandamide and Induces Obesity

Alvheim

Kjellevold²,

Osei‐Hyiaman

et al. 2012

Obesity

218

249

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Suppressing hyperactive endocannabinoid tone is a critical target for reducing obesity. The backbone of both endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (AEA) is the omega-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA). Here we posited that excessive dietary intake of linoleic acid (LA), the precursor of AA, would induce endocannabinoid hyperactivity and promote obesity. Linoleic acid was isolated as an independent variable to reflect the dietary increase in LA from 1 percent of energy (en%) to 8 en% occurring in the US during the 20th century. Mice were fed diets containing 1 en% LA, 8 en% LA and 8 en% LA + 1 en% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in medium fat diets (35 en% fat) and high fat diets (60 en%) for 14 weeks from weaning. Increasing LA from 1 en% to 8 en% elevated AA -phospholipids in liver and erythrocytes, tripled 2-AG+1-AG and AEA associated with increased food intake, feed efficiency and adiposity in mice. Reducing AA - phospholipids by adding 1en% long-chain omega-3 fats to 8 en% LA diets resulted in metabolic patterns resembling 1 en% LA diets. Selectively reducing LA to 1 en% reversed the obesogenic properties of a 60 en% fat diet. These animal diets modeled 20th century increases of human LA consumption, changes that closely correlate with increasing prevalence rates of obesity. In summary, dietary LA increased tissue AA, and subsequently elevated 2-AG+1-AG and AEA resulting in the development of diet-induced obesity. The adipogenic effect of LA can be prevented by consuming sufficient EPA and DHA to reduce the AA –phospholipid pool and normalize endocannabinoid tone.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Dietary Linoleic Acid Elevates Endogenous 2‐AG and Anandamide and Induces Obesity

Alvheim

Kjellevold²,

Osei‐Hyiaman

et al. 2012

Obesity

218

249

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“…These fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic, 20:5n3 (EPA) and docosahexaenoic, 22:6n3 (DHA) have been reported to prevent cardiovascular, depressions and some other diseases like cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, inflammation and arrhythmias rheumatoid arthritis (Kinsella, 1986;Kinsella, 1987;Lees and Karel, 1990;Simopoulos et al, 1991;Horrocks and Yeo, 1999;Mori et al, 1999;Babcock et al, 2000;Schmidt et al, 2006;Munakata et al, 2009). Since these fatty acids only occur in high amounts in seafood, it is necessary to determine the fatty acid compositions and total lipid contents of various seafoods in order to recommend a suitable preventive diet for several human diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Şahin¹,

Başçınar²,

Kocabaş³

et al. 2011

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Meat yield, biochemical composition, and fatty acid profile of farmed brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), Black Sea trout (Salmo trutta labrax) and their hybrids were compared. Hybrids contained significantly higher carcass and meat yield values than brook and Black Sea trout. Although the weight percent head and bone (brook trout as 13.14, 1.66 %, Black Sea trout as 13.52, 1.22 % and their hybrids as 13.92, 1.44 %) of the species were similar, fin, carcass, gonad, liver, internal organs and meat yield of the species were significantly different from each other (P<0.05).

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“…Its status is marginal based on circulating concentrations and ratios of other crucial fatty acids such as arachidonic acid and docosapentaenoic acid n-6, a less functional molecule. 16,23,24 Human DHA status is the result of both diet and endogenous synthesis, and deficiency is associated with the risk of a variety of cardiac and mental health conditions. Unbalanced omega-6/omega-3 status and low DHA are associated with cognitive impairment in a study of children with intellectual disabilities, 25 worse outcomes in traumatic brain injury, 26 increased cardiovascular disease risk, 27 sudden death due to cardiovascular disease risk, 27 sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, 28 primary open-angle glaucoma, 29 and age-related macular degeneration.…”

Section: Common Biochemical and Nutrient Deficiencies And Their Potenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Benefits of Ameliorating Metabolic and Nutritional Abnormalities in People With Profound Developmental Disabilities

Glick

Fischer

2017

Nutr Metab Insights

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BACkgRouND: People with profound developmental disabilities have some of the most severe neurological impairments seen in society, have accelerated mortality due to huge medical challenges, and yet are often excluded from scientific studies. They actually have at least 2 layers of conditions: (1) the original disability and (2) multiple under-recognized and underexplored metabolic and nutritional imbalances involving minerals (calcium, zinc, and selenium), amino acids (taurine, tryptophan), fatty acids (linoleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, adrenic acid, Mead acid, plasmalogens), carnitine, hormones (insulinlike growth factor 1), measures of oxidative stress, and likely other substances and systems. SuMMARy: This review provides the first list of metabolic and nutritional abnormalities commonly found in people with profound developmental disabilities and, based on the quality of life effects of similar abnormalities in neurotypical people, indicates the potential effects of these abnormalities in this population which often cannot communicate symptoms. key MeSSAgeS: We propose that improved understanding and management of these disturbed mechanisms would enhance the quality of life of people with profound developmental disabilities. Such insights may also apply to people with other conditions associated with disability, including some diseases requiring stem cell implantation and living in microgravity.

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The Nutrient Formula Containing Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Benefits the Fatty Acid Status of Patients Receiving Long-Term Enteral Nutrition

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Dietary Linoleic Acid Elevates Endogenous 2‐AG and Anandamide and Induces Obesity

Dietary Linoleic Acid Elevates Endogenous 2‐AG and Anandamide and Induces Obesity

Untitled

Potential Benefits of Ameliorating Metabolic and Nutritional Abnormalities in People With Profound Developmental Disabilities

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