The Nutrition of the Young Ayrshire Calf

Blaxter, K. L.; Wood, William F.; Macdonald, Angus

doi:10.1079/bjn19530008

Cited by 29 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The increased content of sodium and potassiumin the faeces of tick-infested calves of both breeds is similar to that reported for sheep infested with parasitic nematodes (Bawden, 1969) and was probably related to the increased amount of water excreted in the faeces as noted by Blaxter & Wood (1953).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Metabolic changes in cattle due to the specific effect of the tick,Boophilus microplus

O'Kelly

Kennedy

1981

Br J Nutr

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1. An experiment was designed to provide information on the alterations in body metabolism which would account for the loss of body-weight in cattle due to the specific effect (factors other than reduced food intake) of the tick Boophilus microplus. 2.Two groups of British (Shorthorn x Hereford) and Africander x British calves, each approximately 6 months old, were used: one group (treated) of each breed was tick-infested and the other (control) was tick-free. Within breeds, calves in the control group were pair-fed to calves in the treated group.3. In both breeds, the effect of ticks: (a) depressed packed cell volume, serum alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1 . 3.1)and amylase (EC 3 . 2 . 1 . 1) activities, plasma cholesterol and phospholipid levels, serum iron and albumin levels, (b) increased the plasma levels of urea-nitrogen and y-globulin (c) increased rectal temperature, water intake, urine volume, urinary and faecal total N, urinary urea-N and a-amino acids, the excretion of water, sodium and potassium in the faeces and (d) reduced N balance, N and dry-matter digestibilities. 4.In the British breed, ticks increased the excretion of K with a corresponding decrease in the excretion of Na in the urine and inreased the plasma clearance of bromsulphthalein. 5.A second experiment showed that the specific effect of tick infestation increased the flow of organic matter (OM) from the abomasum and the fractional turnover of rumen fluid of Hereford steers. It was also shown that the decrease in OM digestibility in the gastrointestinal tract was largelydue to a decrease in OM digestibility in the rumen and that the increased urinary urea excretion and plasma urea concentration was caused by higher production rates of urea despite a tendency for lowered urea degradation in the gastroinestinal tract.The tick Boophilus microplus causes large economic losses in cattle production in several countries. A study under carefully controlled nutritional conditions showed that 65% of the body-weight loss in Hereford steers resulting from tick infestation was due to an anorectic effect and 35% to a specific effect (Seebeck et al. 1971). There are no comparable studies in zebu breeds of cattle but it is known that these breeds are more resistant to the tick than British breeds. In parts of tropical Australia, grazing cattle are exposed to natural field infestations of ticks but when taken into yards and confined for fattening or biological studies they are kept free of ecto-parasites by treating with acaricides. There is evidence that tick infestation has prolonged after-effects on metabolism Vercoe & OKelly, 1972) and the normal relationships between body-water and bodycomposition measurements . Thus, assessment of animal performance or breed comparisons in metabolic studies on yarded animals may be confounded by a previous history of tick infestation. Nutritional rehabilitation aimed at alleviating the effects of ticks present or replacing any deficits in body tissues arising from previous tick infestation would be helped by knowin...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Metabolic changes in cattle due to the specific effect of the tick,Boophilus microplus

O'Kelly

Kennedy

1981

Br J Nutr

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“…T h e faecal losses that occur in diarrhoea in the calf have been estimated by Blaxter & Wood (1953) (Table I), and the changes in blood composition and myocardial potassium by Fisher (1965) and Fisher & McEwan (1967) ( Table 2 ) ; it is not proposed to deal further with these aspects. (Fisher, 1965;Fisher & McEwan, 1967) Plasma Na (m-equiv.…”

Section: Putrefactiae Diarrhoea In the Pre-ruminant Calfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intakes greater than 200 g lactose and glucose per day caused the dry-matter content of faeces (fat-free basis) to fall below 10% (Blaxter & Wood, 1953). I n general, 9 g/kg live weight of 'hexose equivalent' (for which calculation lactose values were converted into the equivalent weight of monosaccharide) tend to cause diarrhoea in lambs and calves (Walker & Faichney, 1964).…”

Section: Fermentative Diarrhoea In the Pre-ruminant Calfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diarrhoea of nutritional origin

Roy¹

1969

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…Results (Blaxter and Wood 1953;Hodgson 1971;Inglis 1960;Loosmore et al 1964;Roy et al 1964), Myirea (1966) Daily observations were made for fecal consistelrcy, dehydration, demeanor (appearance), appetite and rectal temperature as described by Butler (1969) (Roy 1969). Butler (1969) Fecal consistency (4) (days) Dehydration (3 +4) (days) Demeanor (2-6) (days) Temperature (>39C) (days) Appetite (3+4) (days) Average weight change from 3 to 21 days (kg)$ ment as well as for appetite, these results are discussed later.…”

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confidence: 99%