The nutrition of Zebu cattle Part II. The techniques of digestibility trials with special reference to sampling, preservation and drying of faeces

Juko, C. D.; Bredon, R. M.; Marshall, B.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600023856

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The temperature at which major losses of N occurs from faeces is in some doubt. Loss of N did not occur in faeces left for 24 hours at room temprature (22), which confirms the results of earlier workers (14,16). However, Waite, Johnston and Armstrong (25) observed a 2% loss of total N when samples were dried under vacuum at 27°C.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The effect of sample size on drying time of faeces has been studied by various workers (14,22,25). Very thin layers of faeces were dried in periods of 25 minutes (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very thin layers of faeces were dried in periods of 25 minutes (25). DM percentage did not vary in samples of varying size (14). Even when the sample size was larger, the final DM percentage was not significantly dififerent (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2), chloroform; (7), sulphuric acid; (24), hydrochloric acid. Juko et al (14) showed that these preservatives were not efifective in preventing loss of N.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Errors in Measuring Nitrogen and Dry–matter Content of Plant and Faeces Material

Sharkey

1970

Grass and Forage Science

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The N content of pasture species {Trifolium repens L. and Lolium perenne L.) was much less affected hy drying temperatures over the range 70° to 100°C, and hy the density of packing of the pasture sample, than was the amount of hrown colour resulting from these treatments. The DM content of faeces was measured with equal accuracy at temperatures of 80° and 100°C and in samples which varied in weight over a four-fold range. The N lost while drying faeces at 80°C was considerable, with large variations in the amount lost by different animal species fed on particular diets. The results confirm that analyses of the N content of faeces should be carried out before drying.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The effect of sample size on drying time of faeces has been studied by various workers (14,22,25). Very thin layers of faeces were dried in periods of 25 minutes (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2), chloroform; (7), sulphuric acid; (24), hydrochloric acid. Juko et al (14) showed that these preservatives were not efifective in preventing loss of N.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Errors in Measuring Nitrogen and Dry–matter Content of Plant and Faeces Material

Sharkey

1970

Grass and Forage Science

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“…A further sub-sample of urine was diluted (1 volume urine plus 4 volumes of water) prior to freezing and this was used for analysis of purine derivatives (PD) and creatinine. Faeces were not acidified and were freezedried prior to analysis, so faecal N output results were corrected for 12.5% loss of N (Juko et al, 1961;Spanghero and Kowalski, 1997). Retained N was calculated by subtracting N in milk, urine and faeces from N intake.…”

Section: Animal Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mixtures of red clover and maize silages on the partitioning of dietary nitrogen between milk and urine by dairy cows

Dewhurst

Davies

Kim

2010

Animal

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Eight multiparous lactating Holstein-Friesian cows were used to evaluate the partitioning of dietary nitrogen (N) from diets based on mixtures of red clover and maize silages in comparison with diets based on ryegrass silage. All cows received 4 kg/day of a standard dairy concentrate with one of four forage treatments in an incomplete changeover design with three 4-week periods. Three treatments were based on mixtures of red clover and maize silage. N intake was altered both by varying the ratio of these silages (40/60 and 25/75 on a dry matter (DM) basis) and by an additional treatment for which the DM intake of the 40/60 mixture was restricted to the level achieved with grass silage. Rumen passage rates were estimated from faecal excretion curves following a pulse oral dose of Dysprosium-labeled silage and urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) was used as an index of rumen microbial protein synthesis. Red clover silage mixtures led to significantly increased feed intake (21.5, 20.7 and 15.2 kg DM/day for 40/60 and 25/75 red clover/maize silage mixtures and grass silage, respectively), milk production (25.8, 27.8 and 20.0 kg/day for the same treatments, respectively) and milk component yields, but were without effect on milk fat and protein concentrations. The large increase in the yield of milk (24.5 kg/day) and milk components for the restricted red clover/maize silage treatment, in comparison with the grass silage treatment, was proportionately greater than the increase in DM intake (16.6 kg DM/day). There were no significant treatment effects on diet digestibility, while the higher intakes of red clover silage mixtures were associated with higher rumen passage rates (5.82%, 6.24% and 4.55%/h, respectively). There were significant effects of both N intake and forage source on the partitioning of dietary N between milk and urine. When dietary protein was diluted by the inclusion of maize silage, red clover silage led to increased milk N and reduced urinary N in comparison with grass silage. Improvements in N utilisation may be related to increased dietary starch and/or rumen passage rates leading to increased microbial protein synthesis for these treatments. Urinary excretion of PD was significantly higher for all diets based on mixtures of red clover and maize silages, in comparison with grass silage. Urinary N output was close to literature predictions based on N intake for the diet based on ryegrass silage, but 40 to 80 g/day (25% to 30%) less than predicted for the diets based on the mixtures of red clover and maize silages.Keywords: red clover silage, dairy cow, nitrogen partitioning, milk production, urine output ImplicationsThis study has demonstrated strong effects of both nitrogen (N) intake and other aspects of herbage composition on the partitioning of absorbed N between milk N and urine N. Some of these effects are linked to differences in rumen passage rates and microbial protein synthesis, which are important considerations for plant breeders developing forages with enhanced N utilisation...

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Nitrogen balance and partitioning of some nitrogen catabolites in milk and urine of lactating cows

Susmel

Spanghero

Stefanon

et al. 1995

Livestock Production Science

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The nutrition of Zebu cattle Part II. The techniques of digestibility trials with special reference to sampling, preservation and drying of faeces

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Errors in Measuring Nitrogen and Dry–matter Content of Plant and Faeces Material

Errors in Measuring Nitrogen and Dry–matter Content of Plant and Faeces Material

Effects of mixtures of red clover and maize silages on the partitioning of dietary nitrogen between milk and urine by dairy cows

Nitrogen balance and partitioning of some nitrogen catabolites in milk and urine of lactating cows

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