The nutritional basis of the fetal origins of adult disease

Harding, JE

doi:10.1093/ije/30.1.15

Cited by 487 publications

(197 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Similar limitations apply to our measure of maternal supply capacity, as obstructed substrate flow to the fetus secondary to maternal hypertension, placental insufficiency, or other factors may compromise fetal nutrition independent of maternal nutrition and nutritional status (Harding, 2001). We were not able to control for these additional influences on maternal supply capacity.…”

Section: Importance Of Fetal Growth Potentialmentioning

confidence: 86%

A supply–demand model of fetal energy sufficiency predicts lipid profiles in male but not female Filipino adolescents

Kuzawa

Adair²

2004

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To test the hypothesis that the balance between fetal nutritional demand and maternal nutritional supply during pregnancy will predict lipid profiles in offspring measured in adolescence. Subjects and methods: A total of 296 male and 307 female Filipino offspring (aged 14-16 y) and mothers enrolled in a longitudinal birth cohort study (begun in 1983-84) had lipid profiles measured. Data on maternal height (as a proxy for offspring growth potential and thus fetal nutritional demand) and third trimester maternal arm fat area (as a proxy for maternal supply) were used to create four groups hypothesized to reflect a gradient of fetal energy sufficiency. Results: As fetal energy sufficiency increased among males, there was a decrease in total cholesterol (TC) (Po0.05 for trend), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and the ratios of TC/HDL-C cholesterol and LDL-C/HDL-C (all Po0.001), while HDL-C increased (Po0.05). Similar associations were identified when lipid levels were modeled as dichotomous 'high-risk' cutpoints used in cardiovascular disease prevention in adolescents. These relationships were stronger, or only present, among offspring of mothers in the lower half of the third trimester energy intake distribution, and were independent of the child's current adiposity, dietary energy and fat intake, maturity, household income, and birth weight. In females, the supply-demand model did not predict any lipid outcome or clinical risk criteria. Conclusions: Our findings in males support the hypothesis that the balance between fetal nutritional demand and maternal nutritional supply has implications for future lipid profiles. The lack of significant associations in females adds to mounting evidence for sex differences in lipid metabolism programming, and may reflect sex differences in fetal nutritional demand.

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Section: Importance Of Fetal Growth Potentialmentioning

confidence: 86%

A supply–demand model of fetal energy sufficiency predicts lipid profiles in male but not female Filipino adolescents

Kuzawa

Adair²

2004

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…Pregnancy is widely accepted as an optimal time for altering various aspects of women's lifestyles towards more health-promoting behaviours (1,47) . That 87 % of the pregnant women in our study avoided certain foods or drinks at some point during their pregnancy implies that they were willing to make changes to their diet in order to improve their pregnancy health and the subsequent health of their infant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nutrition during pregnancy has effects on fetal health and pregnancy duration, and longer-term effects on the offspring's health during childhood and adulthood (1,2) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to nutritional guidelines in pregnancy: evidence from the Growing Up in New Zealand birth cohort study

Morton

Grant

Wall

et al. 2014

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To determine adherence to nutritional guidelines by pregnant women in New Zealand and maternal characteristics associated with adherence. Design: A cohort of the pregnant women enrolled into New Zealand's new birth cohort study, Growing Up in New Zealand. Setting: Women residing within a North Island region of New Zealand, where onethird of the national population lives. Subjects: Pregnant women (n 5664) were interviewed during 2009-2010. An FFQ was administered during the face-to-face interview. Results: The recommended daily number of servings of vegetables and fruit (≥6) were met by 25 % of the women; of breads and cereals (≥6) by 26 %; of milk and milk products (≥3) by 58 %; and of lean meat, meat alternatives and eggs (≥2) by 21 %. One in four women did not meet the recommendations for any food group. Only 3 % met all four food group recommendations. Although adherence to recommendation for the vegetables/fruit group did not vary by ethnicity (P = 0·38), it did vary for the breads/cereals, milk/milk products and meat/eggs groups (all P < 0·001). Adherence to recommendations for the vegetables/fruit group was higher among older women (P = 0·001); for the breads/cereals group was higher for women with previous children (P < 0·001) and from lower-income households (P < 0·001); and for the meat/eggs group was higher for women with previous children (P = 0·003) and from lower-income households (P = 0·004). Conclusions: Most pregnant women in New Zealand do not adhere to nutritional guidelines in pregnancy, with only 3 % meeting the recommendations for all four food groups. Adherence varies more so with ethnicity than with other sociodemographic characteristics.

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“…Although it is known that successful foetal growth is dependent on an adequate supply of nutrients from the mother, the relationship between foetal and maternal nutrition is complex and is poorly understood (Harding, 2001). Studies of pregnant women have failed to show clear relationships between maternal nutrition and birth size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of educational attainment on the quality of young women's diets

et al. 2004

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Objective: New findings, that relate poor foetal growth to long-term outcomes, highlight the need to understand more about the nature of women's diets before and during pregnancy. This study examines the influence of sociodemographic and anthropometric factors on the quality of the diets of young women in the UK. Design: Diet was assessed by an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire. A single diet score was calculated for each woman using the first component defined by principal components analysis. Setting: Southampton, UK. Subjects: A total of 6125 non pregnant women aged 20-34 y. Results: The diets of women with low diet scores were characterised by low intakes of fruit and vegetables, wholemeal bread, rice and pasta, yogurt, and breakfast cereals, but high intakes of chips and roast potatoes, sugar, white bread, red, and processed meat and full-fat dairy products. Educational attainment was the most important factor related to the diet score. In all, 55% (95% CI 50-59%) of women with no educational qualifications had scores in the lowest quarter of the distribution, compared with only 3% (95% CI 2-4%) of those who had a degree. Smoking, watching television, lack of strenuous exercise, and living with children were also associated with lower diet scores. After taking these factors into account, no other factor including social class, the deprivation score of the neighbourhood, or receipt of benefits added more than 1% to the variance in the diet score. Conclusions: Poor achievement at school defines a substantial group of women in the UK who may be vulnerable. Many of these women have poor diets that are not simply a result of the level of deprivation in their neighbourhood, or of living at a level of poverty that entitles them to benefits. We suggest that it is a priority to identify and to address the barriers that prevent these women from improving the quality of their diets.

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The nutritional basis of the fetal origins of adult disease

Cited by 487 publications

References 72 publications

A supply–demand model of fetal energy sufficiency predicts lipid profiles in male but not female Filipino adolescents

A supply–demand model of fetal energy sufficiency predicts lipid profiles in male but not female Filipino adolescents

Adherence to nutritional guidelines in pregnancy: evidence from the Growing Up in New Zealand birth cohort study

Impact of educational attainment on the quality of young women's diets

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