The nutritional status of children of pre-school age in the Guatemalan community of Amatitlán

Investigation of the Nutrition Problems of Central America and Panama

“…Additional biochemical studies similar to the ones already cited [1][2][3][4][5] were carried out in other small communities of the countries, but their results were reported directly to the health sectors as internal documents and were not published. The findings of these studies, however, were generally in good agreement with those discussed above, as well as with a later study published in 1960 [6].…”

Enzyme changes in malnutrition.

“…Reduced in kwashiorkor Dean and Schwartz (1953) Slightly reduced in marasmus Srikantia et al (1964) Srikantia et al (1964) Amylase Reduced in kwashiorkor Dean and Schwartz (1953) Edozien ( (1964) Creatine kinase Reduced in kwashiorkor; less reduced and Balmer and Rutishauser (1967) sometimes elevated in marasmus Behar, Arroyave, Flores, and Scrimshaw (1960) who found that plasma cholinesterase levels in children from poor families, who might be regarded as marginally malnourished, did not differ from those in better fed controls. Serum creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) is the latest addition to the list of tissue specific enzymes found to be reduced in malnutrition.…”

Food intake studies in pre-school children in developing countries: Problems of measurement and evaluation

“…In most developing countries demand feeding is the rule, and thus estimation of intake from this source requires continuous observation and facilities for test-weighing. For this reason breastfed children are often excluded from food intake studies in this age grcu2 (Bchar, Arroyave, Flores and Scrimshaw, 1960;Welbourn, 1955 ;Rea, 1971). Alternatively average figures for breasimilk intake of other children of the same age and ethnic group may be used to estimaie this component of the diet (Rao et Bailey and Whiteman, 1963)~ or intake from breastmilk specifically excluded (Selinus, Awalom and Gobezie, 1971 ;Sundararaj et al, 1969).…”