The nutritional value, bioactive availability and functional properties of garlic and its related products during processing

Udomwong, Piyachat; Kontogiorgos, Vassilis; Pankasemsuk, Tanachai; Jantanasakulwong, Kittisak; Rachtanapun, Pornchai; Seesuriyachan, Phisit; Sommano, Sarana Rose

doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1142784

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…Garlic products widely used in the market mainly include garlic oil, aged garlic extract, black garlic, garlic powder, etc. [ 41 ]. All of these products were also used in the literature included in the meta-analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Garlic on Glucose Parameters and Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Randomized Controlled Trials

Zhao,

Cheng,

Xia

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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(1) Background: The effect of garlic on glucose and lipid metabolism in humans remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of garlic on blood lipid levels and glucose levels in humans through a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2) Methods: We extensively searched four databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, up to February 2024. To assess the collective impact of garlic and its supplements on fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), an analysis was conducted using a random effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed when I2 < 50%. (3) Result: We found that the garlic intervention was effective in controlling FBG (mean difference = −7.01; 95% CI: −8.53, −5.49, p < 0.001), HbA1c (mean deviation = −0.66; 95% CI: −0.76, −0.55, p < 0.001, I2 = 62.9%), TC (mean difference = −14.17; 95% CI: −19.31, −9.03, p < 0.001), and LDL-C (mean difference = −8.20; 95% CI: −15.58, −0.81, p = 0.03); moreover, it also increased the level of HDL-C in humans (mean difference = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.54, 2.59; p < 0.001). Nonetheless, the intervention involving garlic did not yield a substantial impact on triglyceride (TG) levels. (4) Conclusion: The intervention of garlic is beneficial to control blood glucose and blood lipids in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Garlic on Glucose Parameters and Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Randomized Controlled Trials

Zhao,

Cheng,

Xia

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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“…Garlic processing wastes, namely, straw and peels (GSP) are produced in large quantities worldwide and have great economic value (Kallel and Ellouz Chaabouni 2017 ). The global production of garlic in 2020 was about 28 million tons whose processing generates about 3.7 million tons of garlic byproducts/wastes (Sunanta et al 2023 ). Most garlic waste is disposed into landfills or burned, which negatively affecting the environment (Kallel and Ellouz Chaabouni 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed analysis of agro-industrial byproducts/wastes to enable efficient sorting for various agro-industrial applications

Priyanka,

Singiri,

Adler-Agmon

et al. 2024

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

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Agriculture-based industries generate huge amounts of byproducts/wastes every year, which are not exploited or disposed efficiently posing an environmental problem with implications to human and animal health. Finding strategies to increase the recycling of agro-industrial byproducts/wastes (AIBWs) is a primary objective of the current study. A thorough examination of AIBWs in conjunction with experimental research is proposed to facilitate sorting for various agro-industrial applications and consequently increasing byproduct/waste utilization. Accordingly, two sustainable, locally available sources of AIBWs, namely, wheat bran (WB) and garlic straw and peels (GSP) were studied in detail including content and composition of proteins, phytohormones and nutritional elements, as well as the effect of AIBW extracts on plant and microbial growth. Hundreds of proteins were recovered from AIBW mainly from WBs, including chaperons, metabolite and protein modifying enzymes, and antimicrobial proteins. In-gel assays showed that WB and GSP possess high protease and nuclease activities. Conspicuously, phytohormone analysis of AIBWs revealed the presence of high levels of strigolactones, stimulants of seed germination of root parasitic weeds, as well as indole acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Garlic straw extract strongly inhibited germination of the weed Amaranthus palmeri but not of Abutilon theophrasti and all examined AIBWs significantly affected post-germination growth. Bacterial growth was strongly inhibited by garlic straw, but enhanced by WBs, which can be used at least partly as a bacterial growth medium. Thus, an in-depth examination of AIBW characteristics will enable appropriate sorting for diverse agro-industrial applications, which will increase their utilization and consequently their economic value.

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“…Garlic (Allium sativum) is a perennial herb of the Liliaceae family that is commonly used as a food seasoning. It is renowned for its nutritional and medicinal benefits, including antibacterial [2], anticancer [3], hypolipidemic [4], anti-inflammatory [5], and antioxidant effects [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Garlic Origin Traceability and Identification Based on Fusion of Multi-Source Heterogeneous Spectral Information

Han,

Sha,

Dai

et al. 2024

Foods

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The chemical composition and nutritional content of garlic are greatly impacted by its production location, leading to distinct flavor profiles and functional properties among garlic varieties from diverse origins. Consequently, these variations determine the preference and acceptance among diverse consumer groups. In this study, purple-skinned garlic samples were collected from five regions in China: Yunnan, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, and Jiangsu Provinces. Mid-infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet spectroscopy were utilized to analyze the components of garlic cells. Three preprocessing methods, including Multiple Scattering Correction (MSC), Savitzky–Golay Smoothing (SG Smoothing), and Standard Normalized Variate (SNV), were applied to reduce the background noise of spectroscopy data. Following variable feature extraction by Genetic Algorithm (GA), a variety of machine learning algorithms, including XGboost, Support Vector Classification (SVC), Random Forest (RF), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), were used according to the fusion of spectral data to obtain the best processing results. The results showed that the best-performing model for ultraviolet spectroscopy data was SNV-GA-ANN, with an accuracy of 99.73%. The best-performing model for mid-infrared spectroscopy data was SNV-GA-RF, with an accuracy of 97.34%. After the fusion of ultraviolet and mid-infrared spectroscopy data, the SNV-GA-SVC, SNV-GA-RF, SNV-GA-ANN, and SNV-GA-XGboost models achieved 100% accuracy in both training and test sets. Although there were some differences in the accuracy of the four models under different preprocessing methods, the fusion of ultraviolet and mid-infrared spectroscopy data yielded the best outcomes, with an accuracy of 100%. Overall, the combination of ultraviolet and mid-infrared spectroscopy data fusion and chemometrics established in this study provides a theoretical foundation for identifying the origin of garlic, as well as that of other agricultural products.

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The nutritional value, bioactive availability and functional properties of garlic and its related products during processing

Cited by 13 publications

References 150 publications

Effects of Garlic on Glucose Parameters and Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Randomized Controlled Trials

Effects of Garlic on Glucose Parameters and Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Randomized Controlled Trials

Detailed analysis of agro-industrial byproducts/wastes to enable efficient sorting for various agro-industrial applications

Garlic Origin Traceability and Identification Based on Fusion of Multi-Source Heterogeneous Spectral Information

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