The obesity epidemic and its cardiovascular consequences

Behn, Agnieszka; Ur, Ehud

doi:10.1097/01.hco.0000231406.84554.96

Cited by 89 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…8 The mean BMI of our subjects was 26.0, indicating that our population could be considered overweight (.25 kg/m 2 ). 2 The correlation between BMI and error in making the clinical measurement of LLI was r = 0.74. Correlations ranging from 0.50 to 0.75 have been suggested as indicating a moderate to good relationship.…”

Section: Pain and Disability Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Pain and Disability Secondary to Shoe Lift Intervention in Subjects With Limb Length Inequality and Chronic Low Back Pain: A Preliminary Report

Golightly¹,

Tate²,

Burns³

et al. 2007

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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l ow back pain (LBP) is a considerable health and socioeconomic problem affecting 70% to 80% of adults at some time in their lives.12 LBP is the most frequent cause of activity limitation in individuals younger than 45 years and is the second most common reason for doctor visits in the United States.1 Over $25 billion is spent annually to treat LBP, not including the additional societal costs associated with time away from work and disability. t results: Subjects experienced relief of general pain symptoms (P = .0006) and pain associated with standing (P = .002) following lift intervention, with minimally clinically important (MCID) reductions in general pain for 9 of 12 subjects and MCID reductions in standing pain for 8 of 10 subjects. Subjects also had less disability on the disability questionnaire (P = .001) following the intervention, with 9 of 12 subjects experiencing MCID reductions in disability.t ConClusion: Shoe lifts may reduce LBP and improve function for patients who have chronic LBP and an LLI. Randomized controlled trials are needed to assess the efficacy of this intervention.

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Section: Pain and Disability Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Pain and Disability Secondary to Shoe Lift Intervention in Subjects With Limb Length Inequality and Chronic Low Back Pain: A Preliminary Report

Golightly¹,

Tate²,

Burns³

et al. 2007

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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“…At 20 min, regular insulin (Actrapid, 0.03 U/kg; Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark) was injected as a bolus. Additional samples were obtained from a contralateral antecubital vein at times 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6,7,8,10,12,14,16,19,20,22,23,24,25,27,30,40, 50, 60,70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 140, 160, and 180 min. Samples were rapidly collected using a three-way stopcock connected to the butterfly needle.…”

Section: Insulin Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Visceral fat seems more closely correlated with obesity-associated disorders than overall adiposity (3,4), and is well known to constitute an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction, stroke, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and certain cancers (5,6). In this sense, the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) has been shown to be a stronger predictor of cardiovascular events than BMI (7). The search for genes that increase the susceptibility to develop central obesity or that interact with multiple pathophysiological mechanisms of energy homeostasis has become increasingly important (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Val1483Ile in FASN Gene Is Linked to Central Obesity and Insulin Sensitivity in Adult White Men

Moreno-Navarrete¹,

Botas²,

Valdés³

et al. 2009

Obesity

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The Val1483Ile polymorphism in the human fatty acid synthase (FASN) gene is located within the interdomain region of the FASN close to the two dynamic active centers of the FASN enzyme and putatively affects FASN action. We aimed to evaluate the association of this polymorphism with obesity phenotypes, insulin sensitivity, and adipose tissue FASN activity in adult white subjects. The polymorphism was evaluated in association with metabolic variables in two independent studies: in a case–control study of 457 men (229 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 228 with altered glucose tolerance (AGT)); and in 600 population‐based NGT subjects (274 men and 326 women). Adipose tissue FASN activity was analyzed using the method of Nepokroeff. The Ile variant was associated with a lower waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) and a lower increase in weight over a 7‐year period in NGT men. In a subset of 147 men, carriers of the Ile variant showed significantly increased insulin sensitivity. BMI (P < 0.001), WHR (P = 0.03), and Val1483Ile (P = 0.03), contributed independently to 37% of insulin sensitivity variance. In men from the population‐based study, the Ile variant was associated with a lower BMI, WHR, fasting glucose, and systolic blood pressure compared with carriers of the Val variant. In agreement with these results, the adipose tissue FASN activity was significantly lower in subjects with the Ile variant (P = 0.01). In summary, adult white men with the Ile 1483 variant of the FASN gene seem protected from developing central obesity through decreased adipose tissue FASN activity.

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“…Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. 1 Both authors made equal contributions toward the completion of these studies. 2 Received support from CWRU-School of Medicine training grant (National Institutes of Health T35).…”

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confidence: 99%

Triglyceride Synthesis in Epididymal Adipose Tissue

Bederman

Foy

Chandramouli

et al. 2009

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The obesity epidemic has generated interest in determining the contribution of various pathways to triglyceride synthesis, including an elucidation of the origin of triglyceride fatty acids and triglyceride glycerol. We hypothesized that a dietary intervention would demonstrate the importance of using glucose versus non-glucose carbon sources to synthesize triglycerides in white adipose tissue. C57BL/6J mice were fed either a low fat, high carbohydrate (HC) diet or a high fat, carbohydrate-free (CF) diet and maintained on 2 H 2 O (to determine total triglyceride dynamics) or infused with [6,6-2 H]glucose (to quantify the contribution of glucose to triglyceride glycerol). The 2 H 2 O labeling data demonstrate that although de novo lipogenesis contributed ϳ80% versus ϳ5% to the pool of triglyceride palmitate in HC-versus CF-fed mice, the epididymal adipose tissue synthesized ϳ1.5-fold more triglyceride in CF-versus HC-fed mice, i.e. 37 ؎ 5 versus 25 ؎ 3 mol ؋ day ؊1 . The [6,6-2 H]glucose labeling data demonstrate that ϳ69 and ϳ28% of triglyceride glycerol is synthesized from glucose in HC-versus CF-fed mice, respectively. Although these data are consistent with the notion that non-glucose carbon sources (e.g. glyceroneogenesis) can make substantial contributions to the synthesis of triglyceride glycerol (i.e. the absolute synthesis of triglyceride glycerol from non-glucose substrates increased from ϳ8 to ϳ26 mol ؋ day ؊1 in HC-versus CF-fed mice), these observations suggest (i) the importance of nutritional status in affecting flux rates and (ii) the operation of a glycerol-glucose cycle.Epidemiological trends in the development of obesity (1-4) and its association with various diseases have generated interest in the study of lipid synthesis and mobilization. In particular, new methods have been developed for quantifying rates of triglyceride turnover in vivo (5-8). For example, using 2

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The obesity epidemic and its cardiovascular consequences

Abstract: Obesity is associated with significant increase in cardiovascular risk. Lifestyle modification remains the cornerstone of management although anti-obesity medications may be indicated in high risk individuals with comorbid disease.

Cited by 89 publications

References 71 publications

Changes in Pain and Disability Secondary to Shoe Lift Intervention in Subjects With Limb Length Inequality and Chronic Low Back Pain: A Preliminary Report

Changes in Pain and Disability Secondary to Shoe Lift Intervention in Subjects With Limb Length Inequality and Chronic Low Back Pain: A Preliminary Report

Val1483Ile in FASN Gene Is Linked to Central Obesity and Insulin Sensitivity in Adult White Men

Triglyceride Synthesis in Epididymal Adipose Tissue

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