The observation of corpuscles by means of the third artificial earth satellite

Krasovskiĭ, V. I.; Kushner, Yu.M.; Bordovskii, G. A.; Zakharov, G.F.; Svetlitskii, E.M.

doi:10.1016/0032-0633(61)90189-1

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In addition to astrophysical measurements, ionospheric and atmospheric studies [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and satellite data failures studies (e.g., [18,19]) also found several effects suggesting that electron impact is important factor at low and middle latitudes. That is, more importantly, the occasional electron flux increases below the radiation belt were discovered even earlier in direct satellite-borne measurements [20,21] and then corroborated in several studies [22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Energetic Electron Enhancements below the Radiation Belt and X-Ray Contamination at Low-Orbiting Satellites

Suvorova

Дмитриев

Huang

2014

Journal of Astrophysics

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The work concerns a problem of electron-induced contaminant at relatively low latitudes to high-energy astrophysical measurements on board the low-orbiting satellites. We show the results of a statistical analysis of the energetic electron enhancements in energy range 30-300 keV observed by a fleet of NOAA/POES low-orbiting satellites over the time period from 1999 to 2012. We demonstrate geographical distributions of great and moderate long-lasting enhancements caused by different type of the solar wind drivers.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Energetic Electron Enhancements below the Radiation Belt and X-Ray Contamination at Low-Orbiting Satellites

Suvorova

Дмитриев

Huang

2014

Journal of Astrophysics

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“…A quasi‐trapped population of energetic electrons was observed below the IRB at an L < 1.2 within the near‐equatorial region. While its existence has been known for a long time [e.g., Krasovskii et al ., , ; Galperin et al ., ; Hill et al ., ; Heikkila , ; Hayakawa et al ., ; Kohno , ], information for fluxes and spectra has been scarce and controversial. In general, the flux of energetic electrons at L < 1.2 is invariably weak and certainly less than those inside of the IRB, ORB, or auroral zone during quiet as well as storm times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quasi-trapped population of energetic electrons is observed below the IRB at L < 1.2 in the near-equatorial region. While its existence was known long time ago [9][10][11], the information about the fluxes and spectra was scarce and controversial. Traditionally it is thought that the electron fluxes below the IRB are invariably weak and certainly less than inside the IRB zone, therefore the particle impact is insufficient to produce appreciable ionization [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TEC evidence for near‐equatorial energy deposition by 30 keV electrons in the topside ionosphere

et al. 2013

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[1] Observations of energetic electrons (10 -300 keV) by NOAA/POES and DMSP satellites at heights <1000 km during the period from 1999 to 2010 allowed finding abnormal intense fluxes of~10 6 -10 7 cm À2 s À1 sr À1 for quasi-trapped electrons appearing within the forbidden zone of low latitudes over the African, Indo-China, and Pacific regions. Extreme fluxes appeared often in the early morning and persisted for several hours during the maximum and recovery phase of geomagnetic storms. We analyzed nine storm time events when extreme electron fluxes first appeared in the Eastern Hemisphere, then drifted further eastward toward the South-Atlantic Anomaly. Using the electron spectra, we estimated the possible ionization effect produced by quasi-trapped electrons in the topside ionosphere. The estimated ionization was found to be large enough to satisfy observed storm time increases in the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) determined for the same spatial and temporal ranges from global ionospheric maps. Additionally, extreme fluxes of quasi-trapped electrons were accompanied by the significant elevation of the low-latitude F-layer obtained from COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 radio occultation measurements. We suggest that the storm time ExB drift of energetic electrons from the inner radiation belt is an important driver of positive ionospheric storms within low-latitude and equatorial regions.

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“…At low latitudes and heights of several hundred kilometers, i.e., under the inner ERB, sporadic intense fluxes of electrons with energies of 10 keV < E < 300 keV are also observed [13,14]. In this region, electrons drift across the geomagnetic field in longitude to the east and in less than 20 h reach the SAA, where they descend to heights below 100 km, which results in their loss in the atmosphere due to ionization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Evolution of Energetic Electrons Affecting the Upper Atmosphere during the Last Two Solar Cycles

et al. 2022

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Future commercial, scientific, and other satellite missions require low-Earth-orbit (LEO) altitudes of 300–400 km for long-term successful space operations. The Earth’s radiation belt (ERB) is an inevitable obstacle for manned and other space missions. Precipitation of >30 keV energetic electrons from the ERB is one of the sources of ionization in LEO, space vehicles, in the ionosphere, and in the upper atmosphere. We show, in this work, that the area of electron precipitation from the outer ERB shifts equator-wards to Siberia. We further show a substantive decrease in the intensity of energetic electrons in the area of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) from the 23rd to the 24th solar cycles. These results can be attributed to, and explained by, variations in geomagnetic activity, with a noticeable change in the configuration of the Earth’s magnetic field during the 24th solar cycle. The diminishing SAA area and electron fluxes should allow elevation of the International Space Station to higher altitudes, thereby making these altitudes accessible to relevant space missions.

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The observation of corpuscles by means of the third artificial earth satellite

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Energetic Electron Enhancements below the Radiation Belt and X-Ray Contamination at Low-Orbiting Satellites

Energetic Electron Enhancements below the Radiation Belt and X-Ray Contamination at Low-Orbiting Satellites

TEC evidence for near‐equatorial energy deposition by 30 keV electrons in the topside ionosphere

Spatial Evolution of Energetic Electrons Affecting the Upper Atmosphere during the Last Two Solar Cycles

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