The observed seasonal variation pattern and changing epidemiology of lassa viral hemorrhagic fever disease in Ondo State, Nigeria

This review was designed to discuss the emerging and current pharmacotherapeutic agents for the treatment of Lassa viral haemorrhagic fever disease (LVHFD), also known as Lassa fever (LF). Original peer-reviewed articles that investigated LF were identified using the Medline Entrez-PubMed search. Information was also sourced from printed textbooks and reports by recognized health professional bodies such as the WHO, CDC, the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Health and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). A total of 103 articles were reviewed and 78 were found to contain information relevant to the study. LF remains an endemic disease of public health concern in the West Africa region, and in the rest of the world as cases have been imported into non-endemic regions as well. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or therapeutics for the treatment of Lassa mammarenavirus (LASV) infection. There are, however, off-label therapeutics being used (ribavirin and convalescent plasma) whose efficacy is suboptimal. Research is still ongoing on possible therapeutic options and drug repurposing of therapeutic agents currently in use for other clinical conditions. Considered therapeutic options include favipiravir, taribavirin, Arevirumab-3 and experimental drugs such as losmapimod, adamantyl diphenyl piperazine 3.3, Arbidol (umifenovir) and decanoyl-RRLL-chloromethyl ketone (dec-RRLL-CMK). Current treatments for LF are limited, hence the institution of mitigating measures to prevent infection is of utmost importance and should be prioritized, especially in endemic regions. Heightened searches for other therapeutic options with greater efficacy and lower toxicity are still ongoing, as well as for vaccines as the absence of these classifies the disease as a priority disease of high public health impact.

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Contemporary and emerging pharmacotherapeutic agents for the treatment of Lassa viral haemorrhagic fever disease

Joseph

Fasipe

Joseph

et al. 2022

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

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Association of Hypoalbuminemia and Reversal of Albumin-to-Globulin Ratio with Morbidity Outcome among Hospitalized Lassa Fever Infected Patients at a Dedicated Treatment Center in Ondo state, South-Western Nigeria

et al. 2020

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Background: As of this present moment, there is paucity of data on report concerning the association between hypoalbuminaemia or reversal of albumin-to-globulin ratio and morbidity outcome in Lassa fever (LF) infection as a crucial determinant prognostic-predictor factor for treatment-survival outcome. Aim: This study was designed to determine the association between hypoalbuminaemia, reversal of albumin-to-globulin ratio and morbidity outcome among confirmed LF infected patients. Methodology: This was a descriptive retrospective study involving the assessment of records of confirmed LF infected patients that were managed at the center from November 2018 to October 2019. Results: Out of 83 recruited participants with complete records, 66 (79.5%) had hypoalbuminaemia, 74 (89.2%) had reversal of albumin-to-globulin ratio. A higher mean value of total white blood cell (WBC) count was observed among patients with hypoalbuminaemia (p < 0.0001) and reversal of albumin-to-globulin ratio (p < 0.0001) when compared to patients with normal values, respectively. Also, this study showed statistically significant associations between serum albumin level versus total WBC count (p < 0.0001), acute kidney injury (AKI; p = 0.009), bleeding diathesis (p < 0.0001), and occurrence of pregnancy miscarriage (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: There is a baseline hypoalbuminaemia and reversal of albumin-to-globulin ratio among confirmed LF infected patients. Based on these findings, the serum level of albumin and albumin-to-globulin ratio at presentation may serve as simple early biomarkers to identify patients at high risk for a complicated clinical course of disease. This study also reveals that those hospitalized LF infected patients with hypoalbuminemia and/or reversal of albumin-to-globulin ratio tend to have leucocytosis and experience prolonged duration of illness.

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A Study Effect of Training on Self Protection Performance on Aja Nursing Students in Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral with Drill Evaluating Methods

Seyedi¹,

Sharififar²,

Zareiyan³

2022

MCS

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The observed seasonal variation pattern and changing epidemiology of lassa viral hemorrhagic fever disease in Ondo State, Nigeria

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Contemporary and emerging pharmacotherapeutic agents for the treatment of Lassa viral haemorrhagic fever disease

Contemporary and emerging pharmacotherapeutic agents for the treatment of Lassa viral haemorrhagic fever disease

Association of Hypoalbuminemia and Reversal of Albumin-to-Globulin Ratio with Morbidity Outcome among Hospitalized Lassa Fever Infected Patients at a Dedicated Treatment Center in Ondo state, South-Western Nigeria

A Study Effect of Training on Self Protection Performance on Aja Nursing Students in Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral with Drill Evaluating Methods

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