The observer effect in graphene oxide – How the standard measurements affect the chemical and electronic structure

Rogala, Maciej; Dąbrowski, P.; Kowalczyk, P.J.; Własny, I.; Kozlowski, W.; Busiakiewicz, A.; Karaduman, Irmak; Lipińska, L.; Baranowski, J. M.; Klusek, Z.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2016.03.015

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…We used mild conditions (room temperature and mild base) to preserve the structure and properties of GO. Indeed, harsh conditions, such as heating or the use of strong bases, often cause partial reduction of GO, thus drastically decreasing its water dispersibility …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for the Controlled Covalent Double Functionalization of Graphene Oxide

Vacchi

Guo

Raya

et al. 2020

Chemistry A European J

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Graphene oxide (GO) is av ersatile platform with unique properties that have found broad applications in the biomedical field. Double functionalization is ak ey aspecti n the designo fmultifunctional GO with combined imaging, targeting, and therapeutic properties. Compared to noncovalent functionalization, covalents trategies lead to GO conjugates with ah igher stability in biological fluids. However, only af ew double covalentf unctionalization approaches have been developed so far.T he complexity of GO makes the derivatization of the oxygenated groups difficult to control. The combination of an ucleophilic epoxide ring opening with the derivatization of the hydroxyl groups through esterification or Williamson reaction was investigated. The conditions were selective and mild, thus preserving the structure of GO. Our strategy of double functionalization holds great potentialf or different applications in which the derivatization of GO with different molecules is needed, especiallyi nt he biomedical field.Supporting information and the ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this articlecan be found under: https://doi.Scheme1.Double-functionalization approach combining the opening of the epoxides and the Williamson reaction (each reaction is showno nly on one functional group for clarity).Scheme2.Double functionalization of GO performedbyc ombining the epoxide opening with esterification on GO-A (each reaction is shownonly on one functional groupf or clarity).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for the Controlled Covalent Double Functionalization of Graphene Oxide

Vacchi

Guo

Raya

et al. 2020

Chemistry A European J

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“…Tuning the optical properties of various materials has been of great interest due to their potential applications in optoelectronic devices [1]. Among many optical materials, graphene oxide (GO) has gained intense interest due to its versatility in various devices such as flexible electronics [2], solar cells [3] and chemical sensors [4]. In recent past, intense research has been carried out to understand the properties of GO and transform it as reduced GO (rGO) in order to utilize in aforesaid applications [5] [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning Optical Properties of Graphene Oxide under Compressive Strain Using Wet Ball Milling Method

Narayana¹,

Jammalamadaka²

2016

Graphene

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We report on the effect of compressive stress on the optical properties of graphene oxide using a wet ball milling technique. For this purpose, graphene oxide was prepared using the modified Hummer's method and subsequently processed with wet ball milling. X-ray diffraction infers a peak at 9.655˚ which is the allowed reflection for the graphene oxide. The Williamson-Hall method is used to quantify the strain on the 10 hrs and 20 hrs ball milled graphene oxide samples and is found to be 4.2% and 4.8% respectively. Although we applied strain on the graphene oxide, it actually helped to reduce the defects which are confirmed by the intensity drop-off of D-peak in Raman spectroscopy. Indeed there exists a band gap alteration of 0.14 eV for an applied compressive strain of ~4.8%, hinting that the reduction in oxygen functional groups and the same is confirmed with the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The present results would be helpful in developing graphene oxide based flexible memories and optoelectronic devices.

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“…All the experiments were conducted with special reference to the paper by Rogala et al [ 33 ] discussing the influence of standard measurements on chemical and electronic structure of graphene.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Suitability of the One-Step Hydrothermal Method for Preparation of Non-Covalently/Covalently-Bonded TiO2/Graphene-Based Hybrids

Kusiak-Nejman¹,

Moszyński²,

Kapica-Kozar³

et al. 2018

Nanomaterials

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A hybrid nanocomposites containing nanocrystalline TiO2 and graphene-related materials (graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide) were successfully prepared by mechanical mixing and the hydrothermal method in the high-pressure atmosphere. The presented X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study and quantitative elemental analysis confirm similar content of carbon in graphene oxide GO (52 wt% and 46 wt%, respectively) and reduced graphene oxide rGO (92 wt% and 98 wt%, respectively). No chemical interactions between TiO2 and GO/rGO was found. TiO2 nanoparticles were loaded on GO or rGO flakes. However, Fourier transform infrared-diffuse reflection spectroscopy (FTIR/DRS) allowed finding peaks characteristic of GO and rGO. XPS study shows that since the concentration of TiO2 in the samples was no less than 95 wt%, it was assumed that the interactions between TiO2 and graphene should not influence the lower layers of titanium atoms in the TiO2 and they occurred as Ti4+ ions. Hydrothermal treatment at 200 °C did not cause the reduction of GO to rGO in TiO2-GO nanocomposites. In general, the one-step hydrothermal method must be considered to be inefficient for preparation of chemically-bonded composites synthesized from commercially available TiO2 and unfunctionalized graphene sheets obtained from graphite powder.

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The observer effect in graphene oxide – How the standard measurements affect the chemical and electronic structure

Cited by 27 publications

References 25 publications

Strategies for the Controlled Covalent Double Functionalization of Graphene Oxide

Strategies for the Controlled Covalent Double Functionalization of Graphene Oxide

Tuning Optical Properties of Graphene Oxide under Compressive Strain Using Wet Ball Milling Method

Assessment of the Suitability of the One-Step Hydrothermal Method for Preparation of Non-Covalently/Covalently-Bonded TiO2/Graphene-Based Hybrids

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